Use of Botulinum Toxin (Botox®) in Cases of Refractory Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction.

Introduction: Pelvic floor muscle (PFM) dysfunction is a sexual pain disorder characterized by involuntary spasm of pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) around the vagina that interferes with intercourse or any kind of vaginal penetration, making it impossible or extremely painful. Recently, researchers have shown increased interest in botulinum toxin (BoNTA) as an alternative option for refractory cases of PFM dysfunction, especially those that fail first-line treatments. Questions have been raised about the efficacy of BoNTA for the treatment of PFM dysfunction.

A Live 13 Weeks Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus, most commonly in the fallopian tube. It is usually suspected if a pregnant woman experiences any of these symptoms during the first trimester: vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and amenorrhea. An elevated BhCG level above the discriminatory zone (2000 mIU/ml) with an empty uterus on a transvaginal ultrasound is essential for confirming ectopic pregnancy diagnosis.