Proinsulin to C-Peptide Ratio in the First Year After Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: The proinsulin to C-peptide (PI:C) ratio is reputedly a biomarker of β-cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Objective: This study examined the natural history of the PI:C ratio and its correlation with residual β-cell function in childhood new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D). Over the first year of T1D, the temporal trend in fasting and nutrient-stimulated PI data is limited.

Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum calcium fluxes: effect of free fatty acids and KATP channel involvement.

As a common sequel to obesity, plasma and intracellular free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations are elevated and, as a consequence, manifold disturbances in metabolism may ensue. Biochemical processes in the cytosol and organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), can be disturbed. In the ER, the maintenance of a high calcium gradient is indispensable for viability.

Fragile Bones Secondary to SMURF1 Gene Duplication.

Studies on mice have shown that the Smad Ubiquitin Regulatory Factor-1 (SMURF1) gene negatively regulates osteoblast function and the response to bone morphogenetic protein in a dose-dependent fashion (Chan et al. in Mol Cell Biol 27(16):5776-5789, https://doi.org/10.

Community-acquired serious bacterial infections in the first 90 days of life: a revisit in the era of multi-drug-resistant organisms.

Background: Infants in the first 90 days of life are more prone to develop serious bacterial infections (SBIs). Multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are emerging as important pathogens causing SBIs. We reviewed the epidemiology of SBIs in infants 0-90 days old and compared the clinical features, laboratory values and final outcome for SBIs due to MDROs vs.