Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 on the mRNA expression of estradiol receptors, steroidogenic enzymes, and steroid production in bovine follicles.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays a crucial role in follicular growth and stimulates steroid hormone production in bovine follicles. Steroid hormones are synthesized through the actions of steroidogenic enzymes, specifically STAR, CYP11A1, HSD3B, and CYP19A1 in both theca cells (TCs) and granulosa cells (GCs), under the influence of gonadotropins. Particularly, estradiol 17β (E2) assumes a central role in follicular development and selection by activating estrogen receptors β (ESR2) in GCs.

Associations of maternal and placental extracellular vesicle miRNA with preeclampsia.

Gestational vascular complications (GVCs), including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, are leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Elevated levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs), in GVC have been linked to vascular injury. This study aims to characterize placental and circulating EV miRNA in GVCs, and explores the involvement of EV-miRNA in GVC, and whether they may be used to distinguish between placental and maternal pathologies.

The ocular adverse effects of oral drugs.

Some commonly prescribed drugs have ocular adverse effects. Many parts of the eye can be affected by oral drugs. Some ocular adverse effects may be reversed with medical or surgical intervention whereas other drugs may cause irreversible loss of vision The risk of visual loss can be reduced by a number of approaches, including monitoring for ocular toxicity, reducing the drug dose, or stopping the drug and looking for an alternative.

Extracellular Vesicles of Alzheimer's Disease Patients as a Biomarker for Disease Progression.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain pathology and the most common form of dementia. Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing cytokines and microRNA are involved in inflammation regulation. The current study aimed to explore a potential impact of AD patients' EVs on disease progression.