Identification and functional characterization of the npc-2-like domain containing rust effector protein that suppresses cell death in plants.

The MD-2-related lipid-recognition (ML/Md-2) domain is a lipid/sterol-binding domain that are involved in sterol transfer and innate immunity in eukaryotes. Here we report a genome-wide survey of this family, identifying 84 genes in 30 fungi including plant pathogens. All the studied species were found to have varied ML numbers, and expansion of the family was observed in Rhizophagus irregularis (RI) with 33 genes.

Clinical effects of physiologic lesion testing in influencing treatment strategy for multi-vessel coronary artery disease.

Background: The application of fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) in multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) patients has not been definitively explored. We herein assessed how treatment strategies were decided based on FFR/iFR values in vessels selected clinically. Specifically, we sought to determine whether treatment selection was based on whether the vessel tested was the clinical target stenosis.

Incidence of acute myocardial infarction and hurricane Katrina: Fourteen years after the storm.

Introduction: Historically, natural disasters have been known to have an effect on humankind including physical and mental health. Studies dating from the early nineteen hundreds have shown repeated associations between different catastrophic natural disasters and its effects on cardiovascular (CV)health, including increased morbidity and mortality. Knowing that these effects on CV health last sometimes up to a decade, we sought to study the effects of hurricane Katrina on incidence of acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) to see if the effects perpetuated and continued or mitigated after the first decade.

Role of non-coding RNAs against salinity stress in Oryza species: Strategies and challenges in analyzing miRNAs, tRFs and circRNAs.

Salinity is an imbalanced concentration of mineral salts in the soil or water that causes yield loss in salt-sensitive crops. Rice plant is vulnerable to soil salinity stress at seedling and reproductive stages. Different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate different sets of genes during different developmental stages under varying salinity tolerance levels.

Allantoin improves salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice through synergid activation of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid biosynthesis.

Soil salinity stress is one of the major bottlenecks for crop production. Although, allantoin is known to be involved in nitrogen metabolism in plants, yet several reports in recent time indicate its involvement in various abiotic stress responses including salinity stress. However, the detail mechanism of allantoin involvement in salinity stress tolerance in plants is not studied well.

Intrinsically Disordered Kiwellin Protein-Like Effectors Target Plant Chloroplasts and are Extensively Present in Rust Fungi.

The effector proteins produced by plant pathogens are one of the essential components of host-pathogen interaction. Despite being important, most of the effector proteins remain unexplored due to the diversity in their primary sequence generated by the high selection pressure of the host immune system. However to maintain the primary function in the infection process, these effectors may tend to maintain their native protein fold to perform the corresponding biological function.

Pan-genomic, transcriptomic, and miRNA analyses to decipher genetic diversity and anthocyanin pathway genes among the traditional rice landraces.

Black rice is famous for containing high anthocyanin while Joha rice is aromatic with low anthocyanin containing rice from the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India. However, there are limited reports on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in Manipur Black rice. Therefore, the present study was aimed to understand the origin, domestication and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways in Black rice using the next generation sequencing approaches.

Alpha-1 Asthma Overlap Syndrome: a Clinical Overview.

Purpose Of Review: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is one of the most common genetic diseases that is associated with severe complications and yet remains underdiagnosed. The pulmonary symptoms of both AATD and asthma include cough, excessive sputum production, dyspnea, and wheezing. These symptoms overlap significantly leading to difficulty distinguishing between these two conditions and suspicion that there may be an overlap syndrome.

Eustachian and Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis: A Rare Consequence of the Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Placement.

Eustachian valve (EV) is usually a rudimentary structure in adults. It is an embryological remnant of sinus venosus that directs oxygenated blood from the inferior vena cava across the foramen ovale and into the left atrium. Intravenous drug use is most commonly associated with infective endocarditis of the right-sided heart structures.

Will Remotely Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Water Down Its Effectiveness?

Despite numerous benefits, traditional Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) as a resource remains underutilized in chronic lung disease. Less than 3% of eligible candidates for PR attend one or more sessions after hospitalization due to many barriers, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging alternative models of PR delivery such as home-based PR, tele-rehabilitation, web-based PR, or hybrid models could help address these barriers.

miRPreM and tiRPreM: Improved methodologies for the prediction of miRNAs and tRNA-induced small non-coding RNAs for model and non-model organisms.

In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) and tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) have been reported extensively following different approaches of identification and analysis. Comprehensively analyzing the present approaches to overcome the existing variations, we developed a benchmarking methodology each for the identification of miRNAs and tRFs, termed as miRNA Prediction Methodology (miRPreM) and tRNA-induced small non-coding RNA Prediction Methodology (tiRPreM), respectively. We emphasized the use of respective genome of organism under study for mapping reads, sample data with at least two biological replicates, normalized read count support and novel miRNA prediction by two standard tools with multiple runs.

Impact of Adjuvant Anticonvulsant Medications on Benzodiazepine Use and Delirium in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.

To assess the benefits of anticonvulsant medications on benzodiazepine (BZD) use and delirium in patients with alcohol dependence at risk of alcohol withdrawal and admitted to the hospital without delirium. This was a resident-led retrospective study of prospectively collected data for patients admitted to the monitored unit of a general medical ward between June 2016 and March 2017 for a variety of medical conditions. Patients were assigned to the usual care group (BZD as needed) or the intervention group (scheduled anticonvulsants and BZD as needed) based on admission census and order of arrival.

A first-generation haplotype map (HapMap-1) of tea (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntz).

Motivation: Tea is a cross-pollinated woody perennial plant, which is why, application of conventional breeding is limited for its genetic improvement. However, lack of the genome-wide high-density SNP markers and genome-wide haplotype information has greatly hampered the utilization of tea genetic resources toward fast-track tea breeding programs. To address this challenge, we have generated a first-generation haplotype map of tea (Tea HapMap-1).

Genome-Wide Analysis of Four Pathotypes of Wheat Rust Pathogen () Reveals Structural Variations and Diversifying Selection.

Diseases caused by are some of the most devastating diseases of wheat. Extensive genomic understanding of the pathogen has proven helpful not only in understanding host- pathogen interaction but also in finding appropriate control measures. In the present study, whole-genome sequencing of four diverse pathotypes was performed to understand the genetic variation and evolution.

Anomalous Coronary Origin and Malignant Course in a Young Patient With Palpitation and Demand Ischemia: A Serendipity or a Syndrome Without a Name?

Anomalous coronary artery remains the second most common cause for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young athletes. The anomaly most commonly associated with SCD is the one that courses between the aorta and pulmonary artery, the malignant course. We present a case of a young gentleman who presented with symptomatic palpitations and was found to have anomalous right coronary artery from ostial left main coronary artery coursing between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes indicated different origin for Indian tea (Camellia assamica cv TV1) as compared to Chinese tea.

Based upon the morphological characteristics, tea is classified botanically into 2 main types i.e. Assam and China, which are morphologically very distinct.

An internal medicine residency's response to the COVID-19 crisis: caring for our residents while caring for our patients.

Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, internal medicine residencies have had to develop new teaching strategies and attend to wellness concerns. Providing front-line care for patients in a time of widespread crisis while maintaining attention to training has created unprecedented challenges.

Objective: Our large community hospital based internal medicine residency sought to develop and evaluate a crisis response to the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic to meet our residents' educational and wellness needs.

A Rare Case of Bronchomediastinal Pulmonary Vein Fistula due to Fibrosing Mediastinitis.

Fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) is a rare condition with extensive proliferation of fibrous tissue in the mediastinum usually happens few years after Histoplasma infection. FM usually occurs years later after presentation of Histoplasma infection, and usually what makes patients seek medical attention are symptoms from compression and occlusion of vital mediastinal structures, such as the central airways, superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, and veins. Rarely, heart, pericardium, coronaries, and aorta are involved.

TEnGExA: an R package based tool for tissue enrichment and gene expression analysis.

RNA-seq data analysis with rapidly advancing high-throughput sequencing technology, nowadays provides large number of transcripts or genes to perform downstream analysis including functional annotation and pathway analysis. However for the data from multiple tissues, downstream analysis with tissue-specific or tissue-enriched transcripts is highly preferable. However, there is still a need of tool for quickly performing tissue-enrichment and gene expression analysis irrespective of number of input genes or tissues at various fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM) thresholds.

Natural disasters and acute myocardial infarction.

Natural disasters are devastating to not only our physical property but also to our health. There have been several studies over the last few decades that have correlated different types of natural disasters with acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs). Since the early 1930's singular meteorological events have been reported to have some association and effect on cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity.