Emerging threats in Сentral Asia: Comparative characterization of organic and elemental carbon in ambient PM in urban cities of Kazakhstan.

This study (June 2022-July 2023) investigates the atmospheric concentrations of carbonaceous species, including organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), in PM in two major cities in Kazakhstan. Samples were collected from two sites in Almaty (Seifullin and KazNU) and one in Astana. The results showed that Almaty had significantly higher annual average concentrations of OC (10.

Case report: Bladder stone caused by dislocated Cu-IUD.

Introduction And Importance: The intrauterine device, usually in the form of a copper IUD or levonorgestrel intrauterine system, is a widely used contraceptive method. The risk of uterine perforation is low and ranges from 0.3 to 2.

Comparison of extracellular Giant depolarizing potentials in vitro and early sharp waves in vivo in the CA1 hippocampus of neonatal rats.

Giant Depolarizing Potentials (GDPs) and Early Sharp Waves (eSPWs) are the major patterns of neuronal network activity in the developing hippocampus of neonatal rodents in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Because of certain similarities in their electrographic traits, GDPs and eSPWs were originally considered as homologous patterns. Here, we compared electrographic features and current density profiles of field GDPs (fGDPs) and eSPWs using extracellular multisite silicon probe recordings from neonatal rat CA1 hippocampus.

The role of renewable energy and total factor productivity in reducing carbon emissions: A case of top-ranked nations in the renewable energy country attractiveness index.

On the one hand, economies, particularly developing ones, need to grow. On the other hand, climate change is the most pressing issue globally, and nations should take the necessary measures. Such a complex task requires new theoretical and empirical models to capture this complexity and provide new insights.

Maximizing oil recovery: Innovative chemical EOR solutions for residual oil mobilization in Kazakhstan's waterflooded sandstone oilfield.

The results of an experimental study to design a chemical flood scheme for a massive Kazakhstani oilfield with high water cut are presented in this paper. A meticulously formulated chemical flooding procedure entails injecting a blend comprising interfacial tension (IFT) reducing agents, alkaline/nanoparticles to control chemical adsorption, and polymer to facilitate mobility control. Overall, this well-conceived approach leads to a significant enhancement in the mobilization and production of residual oil.

Hepatitis Delta Virus Antigens Trigger Oxidative Stress, Activate Antioxidant Nrf2/ARE Pathway, and Induce Unfolded Protein Response.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a viroid-like satellite that may co-infect individuals together with hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as cause superinfection by infecting patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Being a defective virus, HDV requires HBV structural proteins for virion production. Although the virus encodes just two forms of its single antigen, it enhances the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis in CHB patients and increases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus in Sofia, Bulgaria (2009-2018).

Bulgaria has a very high incidence of cardiometabolic diseases and air pollution-related mortality rate. This study investigated the relationship between daily air pollution levels and hospital admissions for ischaemic heart diseases (IHD), cerebral infarction (CI), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Sofia, Bulgaria. We obtained daily data on hospitals admissions and daily average air pollution levels from 2009 to 2018.

Anoxic spreading depolarization in the neonatal rat cortex .

Anoxic spreading depolarization (aSD) is a hallmark of ischemic injury in the cerebral cortex. In adults, aSD is associated with rapid and nearly complete neuronal depolarization and loss of neuronal functions. While ischemia also evokes aSD in the immature cortex, developmental aspects of neuronal behavior during aSD remain largely unknown.

Anatomical and functional outcomes of non-obstetric urogenital fistula repair.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Studies on non-obstetric urogenital fistulas (NOUGFs) provide limited information on predictive outcome factors. This study was aimed at specifying and analyzing the risk factors for long-term anatomical and functional results.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of surgical repair for non-obstetric urogenital fistula was performed.

The impact of carbon pricing on international competitiveness in the case of Azerbaijan.

This article examines the impact of carbon pricing on international competitiveness for Azerbaijan, utilizing different cointegration methods such as, ARDLBT, CCR, DOLS, and FMOLS to the data spanning from 2000 to 2019. The results of the various cointegration approaches are in line with each other. The estimation results revealed that domestic crude oil price as a proxy of carbon pricing has a positive and significant impact on the real effective exchange rate in Azerbaijan.

[Predictors of fertility recovery in subfertile men after varicocelectomy].

Introduction: Varicocelectomy does not always lead to semen improvement and male fertility recovery.

Objectives: Analysis of total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) predictive role in fertility recovery of subfertile man after varicocelectomy in combination with other predictors.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, open, multi-center study comprises 93 men from infertile couples with clinical varicocele who underwent microsurgical (inguinal or subinguinal) varicocelectomy.

Incidence Rate and Risk Factors for Tuberculosis among People Living with HIV: A 2015-2017 Cohort from Tashkent, Uzbekistan.

People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and TB remains a major cause of death in PLHIV. Uzbekistan is facing a substantial TB epidemic, which increases the risk of PLHIV developing active TB. Our retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the incidence rate and assess the risk factors for developing active TB among PLHIV.

Prediction of reproductive function recovery after microsurgical varicocelectomy in men from infertile couples: Clinical and laboratory predictors.

The objective was to reveal predictors for fertility recovery after varicocelectomy in subfertile men. This retrospective study recruited 93 men with clinical varicocele and pathozoospermia who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy. Stepwise discriminant analysis was performed to identify predictors of spontaneous pregnancy (SP) after surgery.

[Diagnostic nomograms for the treatment of urogenital fistula].

Aim: Studies on non-obstetric urogenital fistula provide limited information on predictive factors. The aim of our study was to specify and to analyze the predictors for long-term anatomical and functional results in women with non-obstetric urogenital fistula.

Materials And Methods: A cross-section study of surgical repair for non-obstetric urogenital fistula repairs was carried out.

Reappraisal of anoxic spreading depolarization as a terminal event during oxygen-glucose deprivation in brain slices in vitro.

Anoxic spreading depolarization (aSD) has been hypothesized as a terminal event during oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in submerged cortical slices in vitro. However, mechanical artifacts caused by aSD-triggered edema may introduce error in the assessment of neuronal viability. Here, using continuous patch-clamp recordings from submerged rat cortical slices, we first confirmed that vast majority of L4 neurons permanently lost their membrane potential during OGD-induced aSD.

[To the issue of improving early diagnosis of localized prostate cancer].

Aim: To improve an early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) by clarifying indications for prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: A prospective analysis of 251 primary prostate biopsies performed in Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Urology to patients with LUTS during the period from 2018 to 2019 was carried out. All patients were divided into two groups.

[Significance of definition category of complexity of urinary stones in the systematization of complications of endosopic surgery of urolitiasis].

Aim: To determine the complexity of urinary stones from the standpoint of endoscopic surgery in order to create the standard for the postoperative course of endoscopic surgery for urolithiasis.

Material And Methods: A total of 1317 endoscopic operations (PNL, URS), performed for upper urinary tract stones, were analyzed. Treatment results of 290 patients were studied prospectively, taking into account a stone density, determined by MSCT using HU scale.

Correction to: Does CO emissions-economic growth relationship reveal EKC in developing countries? Evidence from Kazakhstan.

The article Does CO emissions-economic growth relationship reveal EKC in developing countries? Evidence from Kazakhstan, written by Fakhri J. Hasanov, Jeyhun I.

Correction to: Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist?

The article Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist?, written by Jeyhun I. Mikayilov, Shahriyar Mukhtarov, Jeyhun Mammadov and Mayis Azizov.

Does CO emissions-economic growth relationship reveal EKC in developing countries? Evidence from Kazakhstan.

This paper investigates the CO emissions-economic growth relationship in Kazakhstan for the period 1992-2013. Johansen, ARDLBT, DOLS, FMOLS, and CCR cointegration methods are used for robustness purpose. We start with the cubic functional form to rule out any misleading results that can be caused by misspecification.

Re-evaluating the environmental impacts of tourism: does EKC exist?

The study investigates the long-run impact of tourism development on ecological footprint by employing the time-varying coefficient cointegration approach (TVC), in addition to the conventional cointegration techniques in the case of Azerbaijan for the period of 1996-2014. Based on the TVC estimation results, the coefficient of tourism development, which is the income elasticity of environmental degradation, was found to be time invariant. The paper uses energy consumption, trade, urbanization, and institutional quality indicators as control explanatory variables.

Characterization of Sample Loss Caused by Competitive Adsorption of Proteins in Vials Using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis.

Sample loss caused by competitive protein adsorption on solid surfaces from complex samples remains to be a major hurdle in sensitive analyses of proteins. No label-free techniques can easily quantify individual proteins adsorbed on irregular surfaces of Eppendorf vials or Falcon tubes, which are commonly used to contain complex biological samples. Multiplexed characterization of such adsorption by different proteins is technically challenging.

Dynamics of the Hypoxia-Induced Tissue Edema in the Rat Barrel Cortex .

Cerebral edema is a major, life threatening complication of ischemic brain damage. Previous studies using brain slices have revealed that cellular swelling and a concomitant increase in tissue transparency starts within minutes of the onset of metabolic insult in association with collective anoxic spreading depolarization (aSD). However, the dynamics of tissue swelling in brain slices under ischemia-like conditions remain elusive.

Preferential Initiation and Spread of Anoxic Depolarization in Layer 4 of Rat Barrel Cortex.

Anoxic depolarization (AD) is a hallmark of ischemic brain damage. AD is associated with a spreading wave of neuronal depolarization and an increase in light transmittance. However, initiation and spread of AD across the layers of the somatosensory cortex, which is one of the most frequently affected brain regions in ischemic stroke, remains largely unknown.