Advancing against drug-resistant tuberculosis: an extensive review, novel strategies and patent landscape.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a pressing global health issue, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, the escalation of DR-TB cases underscores the urgent need for enhanced prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review delves deep into the molecular and genetic origins of different types of DR-TB, highlighting recent breakthroughs in detection and diagnosis, including Rapid Diagnostic Tests like Xpert Ultra, Whole Genome Sequencing, and AI-based tools along with latest viewpoints on diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB utilizing newer and repurposed drug molecules.

Recent Review on Biological Barriers and Host-Material Interfaces in Precision Drug Delivery: Advancement in Biomaterial Engineering for Better Treatment Therapies.

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that precision therapy has a broad variety of treatment applications, making it an interesting research topic with exciting potential in numerous sectors. However, major obstacles, such as inefficient and unsafe delivery systems and severe side effects, have impeded the widespread use of precision medicine. The purpose of drug delivery systems (DDSs) is to regulate the time and place of drug release and action.

Nanotechnology-Powered Meningitis Therapies: Lipid Nanoparticles Lead the Way.

The meninges serve as a protective layer, and the fluid around the brain and spinal cord can become inflamed, known as meningitis. Lipid-based pharmaceutical formulations, by their high lipophilicity, can negotiate the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). The current mode of treatment of meningitis is mainly through antibiotics, which, at best, is partially effective.

Advanced Targeted Drug Delivery of Bioactive Agents Fortified with Graft Chitosan in Management of Cancer: A Review.

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of abnormal cells in the body, resulting in the development of tumors or clusters of irregular cells. The factors contributing to cancer are intricate, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle elements. Risk factors for cancer include the use of nicotine, excessive alcohol consumption, exposure to radiation or specific chemicals, and a family history of the disease.

Phosphatidylcholine (PCL) fortified nano-phytopharmaceuticals for improvement of therapeutic efficacy.

Phytopharmaceuticals, derived from plants, are increasingly recognized for their potential therapeutic benefits. However, their effectiveness is often hindered by challenges such as poor bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery. In this study, we aimed to address these limitations by developing PCL (phosphatidylcholine) fortified nano-phytopharmaceuticals to enhance therapeutic efficacy.

The Astonishing Accomplishment of Biological Drug Delivery using Lipid Nanoparticles: An Ubiquitous Review.

Biotech drugs, including proteins, hormones, enzymes, DNA/RNA therapies, and cell-based treatments, are gaining popularity due to their effectiveness. However, effective delivery systems are needed to overcome administration challenges. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as promising carriers for various therapies.

Chitosan-Based Hydrogel in the Management of Dermal Infections: A Review.

The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the use of chitosan-based hydrogels to manage skin infections. Chitosan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from chitin, possesses inherent antimicrobial properties, making it a promising candidate for treating various dermal infections. This review follows a systematic approach to analyze relevant studies that have investigated the effectiveness of chitosan-based hydrogels in the context of dermal infections.

Novel Approaches in the Drug Development and Delivery Systems for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The number of patients with ocular disorders has increased due to contributing factors such as aging populations, environmental changes, smoking, genetic abnormalities, etc. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common ocular disorders which may advance to loss of vision in severe cases. The advanced form of AMD is classified into two types, dry (non-exudative) and wet (exudative) AMD.

Design and optimization of curcumin loaded nano lipid carrier system using Box-Behnken design.

Herbal antioxidant like curcumin holds great potential to treat neurodegenerative disease like Alzheimer's disease. However, its therapeutic potency is obstructed due to rapid metabolism, poor solubility, GI susceptibility, enzymatic degradation and lower bioavailability. Thus, the present work aimed to design and optimize curcumin-loaded NLC (CNL) with higher drug entrapment, prolonged release and better stability.

The "Spinal Metastasis Invasiveness Index": A Novel Scoring System to Assess Surgical Invasiveness.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a surgical invasiveness index for metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS) that can serve as a standardized tool in predicting intraoperative blood loss and surgical duration; for the purpose of ascertaining resource requirements and aiding in patient education.

Summary Of Background Data: Magnitude of surgery is important in the metastatic spine disease (MSD) population since these patients have a continuing postoperative oncological process; a consideration that must be taken into account to maintain or improve quality of life.

Point-of-care Ultrasound in Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Emergency Medicine: Who Benefits the Most?

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is an essential tool in the timely evaluation of an undifferentiated patient in the emergency department (ED). Our primary objective in this study was to determine the perceived impact of POCUS in high-risk cases presented at emergency medicine (EM) morbidity and mortality (M&M) conferences. Additionally, we sought to identify in which types of patients POCUS might be most useful, and which POCUS applications were considered to be highest yield.

Left Ventricular Dysfunction Correlates With Mortality in Pulmonary Embolism.

Background: Risk stratification of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is essential to guide advanced interventional management and proper disposition.

Objectives: In this study, we sought to assess individual echocardiographic markers of right ventricular (RV) strain and left ventricular (LV) function in patients with high-risk PE and identify their association with the need for advanced intervention (such as thrombolysis) and 30-day mortality.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of ED patients with PE who were subject to a pulmonary embolism response team activation over a 5-year period.

Symptomatic Construct Failure after Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and presentation of symptomatic failures (SFs) after metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS). To identify the associated risk factors.

Asymptomatic Construct Failure after Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery: A New Entity or a Continuum with Symptomatic Failure?

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: To study the incidence, onset, underlying mechanism, clinical course, and factors leading to asymptomatic construct failure (AsCF) after metastatic spinal tumor surgery (MSTS).

Overview Of Literature: The reported incidence rates for implant and/or construct failure after MSTS are low (1.

Intranasal delivery of topiramate nanoemulsion: Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and brain uptake studies.

Epilepsy is the noncommunicable and chronic central nervous system disorder characterized by frequent, unprovoked seizures, or electrical disturbances in the brain. Topiramate is used as an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of partial onset seizures, generalized seizures and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome. Topiramate, a BCS class II drug, has a relatively low bioavailability.

Nutraceutical regulations: An opportunity in ASEAN countries.

In today's era of increased standards of lifestyle and life expectancy, there has been a constant demand for supplements by consumers. Nutraceuticals are among the supplements in demand. Although there is a big opportunity for the nutraceutical business, there are no uniform regulatory requirements in different regions.

Recent strategies and advances in the fabrication of nano lipid carriers and their application towards brain targeting.

In last two decades, the lipid nanocarriers have been extensively investigated for their drug targeting efficiency towards the critical areas of the human body like CNS, cardiac region, tumor cells, etc. Owing to the flexibility and biocompatibility, the lipid-based nanocarriers, including nanoemulsion, liposomes, SLN, NLC etc. have gained much attention among various other nanocarrier systems for brain targeting of bioactives.

Vacuum-Assisted Closure: An Effective Technique to Manage Wound Complications After Metastatic Spine Tumour Surgery (MSTS)-A Case Report.

The management of wound complications following metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS) remains a formidable task. Plastic coverage procedures after MSTS are challenging due to unhealthy donor sites following previous radiotherapy and prolonged nonambulation. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is usually not recommended after MSTS due to fear of tumor seeding and excessive blood loss.

The Radiologic and Clinical Outcomes of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion for Correction of Adult Degenerative Lumbar Deformity.

Background: Osteotomies aimed at correcting adult spinal deformity are associated with higher complications and perioperative morbidity. Recently, oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) was introduced for degenerative lumbar diseases. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of OLIF on the management of adult degenerative lumbar deformity (ADLD).

Compulsive methamphetamine taking and abstinence in the presence of adverse consequences: Epigenetic and transcriptional consequences in the rat brain.

Methamphetamine addiction is characterized by compulsive binges of drug intake despite adverse life consequences. A model of methamphetamine self-administration that includes contingent footshocks to constitute adverse consequences has helped to segregate rats that reduce or stop lever pressing for methamphetamine (sensitive) from those that continue to lever press for the drug (resistant) in the presence of negative outcomes. We have observed differential DNA hydroxymethylation and increased expression of potassium channel mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens of sensitive compared to resistant rats, suggesting a role of these channels in suppressing methamphetamine intake.

Recent Biomedical Applications on Stem Cell Therapy: A Brief Overview.

Stem cells are the specialized cell population with unique self-renewal ability and act as the precursor of all the body cells. Broadly, stem cells are of two types one is embryonic stem cells while the other is adult or somatic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the cells of zygote of the blastocyst which give rise to all kind of body cells including embryonic cells, and it can reconstruct a complete organism.

Current Status of the Use of Salvaged Blood in Metastatic Spine Tumour Surgery.

To review the current status of salvaged blood transfusion (SBT) in metastatic spine tumour surgery (MSTS), with regard to its safety and efficacy, contraindications, and adverse effects. We also aimed to establish that the safety and adverse event profile of SBT is comparable and at least equal to that of allogeneic blood transfusion. MEDLINE and Scopus were used to search for relevant articles, based on keywords such as "cancer surgery," "salvaged blood," and "circulating tumor cells.

Factors influencing extended hospital stay in patients undergoing metastatic spine tumour surgery and its impact on survival.

Metastatic spine tumour surgeries (MSTS) are indicated for preservation or restoration of neurological function, to provide mechanical stability and pain alleviation. The goal of MSTS is to improve the quality of life of the patients with spinal metastases and rarely for oncological control which is usually achieved by adjuvant therapies. Hence outcome measures such as length of stay (LOS) and rate of complications after MSTS are important indicators of quality but there is limited literature evidence for the same.

Intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM): Is There a Role in Metastatic Spine Tumor Surgery?

Study Design: A retrospective design.

Objective: We aim to report our experience with multimodal intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS).

Summary Of Background Data: IONM is considered as standard of care in spinal deformity surgeries.

Amalgamation of Stem Cells with Nanotechnology: A Unique Therapeutic Approach.

In the last few years, the stem cell therapy has gained much popularity among researchers and scientists of biomedical field. It became an effective and alternative approach for the treatment of various physiological conditions (like accidental injuries, burn damage, organ failure, bone marrow transfusion, etc.) and chronic disorders (diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, periodontal diseases, etc.