Unraveling the relationship among inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and host susceptibility to infection: A comparative analysis in animal models.

Background And Aim: infection-induced inflammation contributes to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development in humans and animals. Inflammation generates free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which damage the host's DNA. However, only 5% of -infected individuals develop malignancy, suggesting that variations in the inflammatory response of individuals to the parasite may influence susceptibility.