Quantification of All-Trans Retinoic Acid and Cytokine Levels After Fungal, Viral and Bacterial Infections in the Lung.

All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) plays a critical role in tissue homeostasis as a master regulator of cellular proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation as well as in immune cell differentiation and function. An active metabolite of vitamin A, atRA has been reported to be reduced in a number of inflammatory conditions in both the lung and gut. Decreases in atRA have been reported in gastrointestinal tissue in inflammatory bowel diseases, radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury and viral infection.

Restoration of Type 17 immune signaling is not sufficient for protection during influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Introduction: Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) is a severe complication of influenza infection that occurs in critically ill patients and results in higher mortality compared to influenza infection alone. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and the Type 17 immune signaling pathway cytokine family are recognized for their pivotal role in fostering protective immunity against various pathogens. In this study, we investigate the role of IL-17 and Type 17 immune signaling components during IAPA.

Therapeutic JAK inhibition does not impact lung injury during viral or bacterial pneumonia in male mice.

Influenza infections are often complicated by secondary bacterial infections such as MRSA pneumonia, which increase morbidity and mortality. Viral infections lead to an inflammatory response that includes elevated levels of IL-6 and interferons. IL-6 activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, amplifying downstream inflammation.

Restoration of Type 17 immune signaling is not sufficient for protection during influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.

Influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA) is a severe complication of influenza infection that occurs in critically ill patients and results in higher mortality compared to influenza infection alone. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and the Type 17 immune signaling pathway cytokine family are recognized for their pivotal role in fostering protective immunity against various pathogens. In this study, we investigate the role of IL-17 and Type 17 immune signaling components during IAPA.