Phytochemical strategies in glioblastoma therapy: Mechanisms, efficacy, and future perspectives.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is foremost the most aggressive primary brain tumor, presenting extensive therapeutic challenges due to its high invasiveness, genetic complexity, and resistance to established treatments. Despite substantial advances in surgical and chemotherapeutic interventions, the median survival rate for patients is only 14.6 months, and the prognosis remains poor.

Oil/water (O/W) nanoemulsions developed from essential oil extracted from wildly growing (Linn.) Aiton F.: synthesis, characterization, stability and evaluation of anti-cancerous, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities.

essential oil is utilized in outmoded medicine, therapeutics, and the cosmetic industries. However, the extreme volatility, oxidation susceptibility, and instability of this oil restricts its application. Thus, encapsulation is a more effective method of shielding this oil from unfavorable circumstances.

Analysis of the Inhibitory Effect of hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-203a-5p on Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells by GC/MS Metabolomics Method.

Imatinib (IM) resistance is considered to be a significant challenge in the management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous studies have reported that hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-203a-5p can overcome IM resistance and hsa-miR-203a-5p can alter glutathione metabolism in IM-resistant cells. The purpose of this study was to examine whether hsa-miR-145-5p or hsa-miR-203a-5p counters IM resistance by targeting the overall metabolic profile of IM-resistant K562 cells.

Nanoemulsions (O/W) prepared from essential oil extracted from : synthesis, characterization, stability and evaluation of anticancerous, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities.

Essential oil from (also known as Tea tree essential oil, TTO) is used as traditional medicine and used as therapeutic in medicine, food and cosmetic sectors. However, this oil is highly unstable, volatile and prone to oxidation which limits its practical use. The objective of this study was synthesis of tea tree oil based O/W (oil/water) nanoemulsions (tea tree essential oil nanoemulsions, TNE) and evaluation of its biological potential.

MSMEG_5850, a stress-induced TetR protein, involved in global transcription regulation in .

To decipher the role of MSMEG_5850 in the physiology of mycobacteria. was knocked out and RNA sequencing was performed. MSMEG_5850 protein was purified from the pET28a system.

snoRNAs in hematopoiesis and blood malignancies: A comprehensive review.

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of highly variable size, usually ranging from 60 to 150 nucleotides. They are classified into H/ACA box snoRNAs, C/D box snoRNAs, and scaRNAs. Their functional profile includes biogenesis of ribosomes, processing of rRNAs, 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridylation of RNAs, alternative splicing and processing of mRNAs and the generation of small RNA molecules like miRNA.

Targeting mitochondria as a potential therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in cancer.

The importance of mitochondria is not only limited to energy generation but also in several physical and chemical processes critical for cell survival. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular apoptosis, calcium ion transport and cellular metabolism. Mutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genes, altered oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes, and deregulated signalling for cell viability are major reasons for cancer progression and chemoresistance.

Antileukemic Activity of hsa-miR-203a-5p by Limiting Glutathione Metabolism in Imatinib-Resistant K562 Cells.

Imatinib has been the first and most successful tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but many patients develop resistance to it after a satisfactory response. Glutathione (GSH) metabolism is thought to be one of the factors causing the emergence of imatinib resistance. Since hsa-miR-203a-5p was found to downregulate oncogene and also a link between this oncogene and GSH metabolism is reported, the present study aimed to investigate whether hsa-miR-203a-5p could overcome imatinib resistance by targeting GSH metabolism in imatinib-resistant CML cells.

Modulation of gene expression by YTH domain family (YTHDF) proteins in human physiology and pathology.

The advent of high throughput techniques in the past decade has significantly advanced the field of epitranscriptomics. The internal chemical modification of the target RNA at a specific site is a basic feature of epitranscriptomics and is critical for its structural stability and functional property. More than 170 modifications at the transcriptomic level have been reported so far, among which m6A methylation is one of the more conserved internal RNA modifications, abundantly found in eukaryotic mRNAs and frequently involved in enhancing the target messenger RNA's (mRNA) stability and translation.

Emerging role of mRNA methylation in regulating the hallmarks of cancer.

The dynamic chemical modifications of DNA, RNA, and proteins can transform normal cells into malignant ones. While the DNA and protein modifications in cancer have been described extensively in the literature, there are fewer reports about the role of RNA modifications in cancer. There are over 100 forms of RNA modifications and one of these, mRNA methylation, plays a critical role in the malignant properties of the cells.

Novel pharmacological approach for the prevention of multidrug resistance (MDR) in a human leukemia cell line.

Background: Drug resistance mechanisms are the regulatory factors associated with drug metabolism and drug transport to inward and outward of the target cells. Maybridge fragment (MBF) library is a collection of pharmacophore rich compounds having affinity with membrane transporters. This study has been designed to evaluate the efficacy of MBFs in overcoming the leukemic cells' resistance to imatinib.

let-7i-5p, miR-181a-2-3p and EGF/PI3K/SOX2 axis coordinate to maintain cancer stem cell population in cervical cancer.

The characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the genes responsible for their maintenance are highly variable in different cancers. Here, we identify the coordination among miRNAs and EGF pathway genes which is critical for the maintenance of CSCs in cervical cancer. The transcript analysis of CSCs enriched from cervical cancer cell lines (CaSki and HeLa) revealed a significant upregulation of SOX2.

Cervical cancer stem cells: opportunities and challenges.

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women in spite of screening and vaccination programs. The current treatment strategies including chemotherapy and surgery could only prolong the patient's survival rather than provide a permanent cure. In case of advanced cervical cancer, radical surgery remains the only option which not only affects the child-bearing ability of the patient, but also comes with a continual risk of recurrence of the disease.

miRNA and methylation: a multifaceted liaison.

miRNAs and DNA methylation are both critical regulators of gene expression. Aberration in miRNA expression or DNA methylation is a causal factor for numerous pathological conditions. DNA methylation can inhibit the transcription of miRNAs, just like coding genes, by methylating the CpG islands in the promoter regions of miRNAs.

MicroRNAs in cancer stem cells: current status and future directions.

The presence of stem-like cells in cancer, popularly known as cancer stem cells, have been known for a long time but it was the research of Bonnet and Dick in leukemia which got cancer researchers interested in them. Over the past few years, a lot of research has gone into the characterization of cancer stem cells (CSCs) from different tumors. CSCs have been elucidated in almost all solid tumors.

Small interfering RNA against transcription factor STAT6 leads to increased cholesterol synthesis in lung cancer cell lines.

STAT6 transcription factor has become a potential molecule for therapeutic intervention because it regulates broad range of cellular processes in a large variety of cell types. Although some target genes and interacting partners of STAT6 have been identified, its exact mechanism of action needs to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to further characterize the molecular interactions, networks, and functions of STAT6 by profiling the mRNA expression of STAT6 silenced human lung cells (NCI-H460) using microarrays.

Gene expression profiling indicate role of ER stress in miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster induced apoptosis in HEK293T cells.

Previously, we had reported that overexpression of miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis via JNK in human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Herein, we describe the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster induced apoptosis. Gene expression profiling was used to characterize the transcriptional response to miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster overexpression in HEK293T cells.

Cooperative and individualistic functions of the microRNAs in the miR-23a~27a~24-2 cluster and its implication in human diseases.

The small RNA molecules of about 19-22 nucleotides in length, aptly called microRNAs, perform the task of gene regulation in the cell. Interestingly, till the early nineties very little was known about them but eventually, the microRNAs have become forefront in the area of research. The huge number of microRNAs plus each one of them targeting a vast number of related as well as unrelated genes makes them very interesting molecules to study.

Upregulation of miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in human embryonic kidney cells.

miRNAs have emerged as important players in the regulation of gene expression and their deregulation is a common feature in a variety of diseases, especially cancer. Currently, many efforts are focused on studying miRNA expression patterns, as well as miRNA target validation. Here, we show that the over expression of miR-23a approximately 27a approximately 24-2 cluster in HEK293T cells induces apoptosis by caspase-dependent as well as caspase-independent pathway as proved by the annexin assay, caspase activation, release of cytochrome-c and AIF (apoptosis inducing factor) from mitochondria.