Characterization of regeneration initiating cells during Xenopus laevis tail regeneration.

Background: Embryos are regeneration and wound healing masters. They rapidly close wounds and scarlessly remodel and regenerate injured tissue. Regeneration has been extensively studied in many animal models using new tools such as single-cell analysis.

RNA localization during early development of the axolotl.

The asymmetric localization of biomolecules is critical for body plan development. One of the most popular model organisms for early embryogenesis studies is but there is a lack of information in other animal species. Here, we compared the early development of two amphibian species-the frog and the axolotl .

Comparison of RNA localization during oogenesis within and .

The oocyte is a unique cell, from which develops a complex organism comprising of germ layers, tissues and organs. In some vertebrate species it is known that the asymmetrical localization of biomolecules within the oocyte is what drives the spatial differentiation of the daughter cells required for embryogenesis. This asymmetry is first established to produce an animal-vegetal (A-V) axis which reflects the future specification of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm layers.

Evolutionary conservation of maternal RNA localization in fishes and amphibians revealed by TOMO-Seq.

Asymmetrical localization of biomolecules inside the egg, results in uneven cell division and establishment of many biological processes, cell types and the body plan. However, our knowledge about evolutionary conservation of localized transcripts is still limited to a few models. Our goal was to compare localization profiles along the animal-vegetal axis of mature eggs from four vertebrate models, two amphibians (Xenopus laevis, Ambystoma mexicanum) and two fishes (Acipenser ruthenus, Danio rerio) using the spatial expression method called TOMO-Seq.

Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Reveal Stage-Specific DNA Damage Response in Embryos of Sturgeon ().

DNA damage during early life stages may have a negative effect on embryo development, inducing mortality and malformations that have long-lasting effects during adult life. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed the effect of DNA damage induced by genotoxicants (camptothecin (CPT) and olaparib) at different stages of embryo development. The survival, DNA fragmentation, transcriptome, and proteome of the endangered sturgeon were analyzed.

Mitochondrial respiration supports autophagy to provide stress resistance during quiescence.

Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generates ATP, but OXPHOS also supports biosynthesis during proliferation. In contrast, the role of OXPHOS during quiescence, beyond ATP production, is not well understood. Using mouse models of inducible OXPHOS deficiency in all cell types or specifically in the vascular endothelium that negligibly relies on OXPHOS-derived ATP, we show that selectively during quiescence OXPHOS provides oxidative stress resistance by supporting macroautophagy/autophagy.

NormQ: RNASeq normalization based on RT-qPCR derived size factors.

The merit of RNASeq data relies heavily on correct normalization. However, most methods assume that the majority of transcripts show no differential expression between conditions. This assumption may not always be correct, especially when one condition results in overexpression.

The role of nitric oxide during embryonic wound healing.

Background: The study of the mechanisms controlling wound healing is an attractive area within the field of biology, with it having a potentially significant impact on the health sector given the current medical burden associated with healing in the elderly population. Healing is a complex process and includes many steps that are regulated by coding and noncoding RNAs, proteins and other molecules. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of these small molecule regulators and its function has already been associated with inflammation and angiogenesis during adult healing.

Alternative assembly of respiratory complex II connects energy stress to metabolic checkpoints.

Cell growth and survival depend on a delicate balance between energy production and synthesis of metabolites. Here, we provide evidence that an alternative mitochondrial complex II (CII) assembly, designated as CII, serves as a checkpoint for metabolite biosynthesis under bioenergetic stress, with cells suppressing their energy utilization by modulating DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Depletion of CII leads to an imbalance in energy utilization and metabolite synthesis, as evidenced by recovery of the de novo pyrimidine pathway and unlocking cell cycle arrest from the S-phase.

Asymmetric distribution of biomolecules of maternal origin in the Xenopus laevis egg and their impact on the developmental plan.

Asymmetric cell division is a ubiquitous feature during the development of higher organisms. Asymmetry is achieved by differential localization or activities of biological molecules such as proteins, and coding and non-coding RNAs. Here, we present subcellular transcriptomic and proteomic analyses along the animal-vegetal axis of Xenopus laevis eggs.