Obstructive sleep Apnea's association with the cervical spine abnormalities, posture, and pain: a systematic review.

Objectives: While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with several chronic health conditions such as hypertension, obesity, and chronic hypoxia, there is limited information on its association with neuromuscular and spinal pathologies that may be of interest to a musculoskeletal (MSK) medicine or pain management clinician. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic literature review to examine the association between OSA and cervical spine pathologies, postural changes, and pain.

Design: We systematically reviewed PubMed and Embase databases up to 4/15/2019.

Central retinal vein occlusion in patients treated with long-term warfarin sodium (Coumadin) for anticoagulation.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features of persons who developed central retinal vein occlusion (CVO) while being treated with Coumadin for chronic anticoagulation.

Methods: In a retrospective, comparative, noninterventional case series of patients diagnosed with CVO while being treated with Coumadin as a systemic anticoagulant, visual and anatomical outcomes were compared with those for a cohort of patients diagnosed with CVO who were not treated with any systemic anticoagulation.

Results: Fourteen eyes of 14 patients treated with Coumadin were identified.

Conductive keratoplasty to treat complications of LASIK and photorefractive keratectomy.

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of conductive keratoplasty (CK) for patients with complications related to LASIK or photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Design: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.

Participants: Sixteen eyes of 15 patients were treated using CK after complications of initial LASIK or PRK surgeries.