Chemical functionalization of Chitosan biopolymer with diacetyl monoxime for enhanced Cr(VI) removal from aqueous media.

Hexavalent chromium is known for high toxicity as well as carcinogenicity and leads to contamination of water bodies through various anthropogenic activities. Chitosan biopolymer has limited adsorption capacity towards this toxicant. In order to boost hexavalent chromium adsorption, diacetylmonoxime was used to modify thiolated chitosan.

Hydrogeochemical factors influencing the dynamics of groundwater characteristics in eco-sensitive areas of the Southern Western Ghats, India.

The inter-ionic relationships of groundwater present in a region as well as various chemical and physical factors all have an impact on the geochemistry of groundwater in an aquifer. To assess the factors influencing the geochemical composition of groundwater in the eco-sensitive area of Western Ghats, Kerala, India, various weathering, and ionic indices were analyzed. Results show groundwater ranges from soft to extremely hard and acidic to alkaline, with high Mn and Fe levels.

Highly efficient mesoporous aluminium-magnetite-alginate magnetic composite for defluoridation of water.

One of the few elements that can have negative health impacts in both conditions, when consumed in excess or insufficiency is fluoride. In current study, aluminium magnetite alginate composite (AMA) was fabricated and applied using batch adsorption of fluoride as well as by using statistical modelling. Heterogeneous surface as revealed from scanning electron micrograph, thermal stability shown by thermal studies, high surface area of 29.

Influence of Fe/Al oxyhydroxides and soil organic matter on the adsorption of Pb onto natural stream sediment.

Adsorption of heavy metals on stream sediments has important implications for the fate and transport of contaminants in subsurface ecosystems. Lead (Pb) is a potentially hazardous heavy metal that is found in high amounts in anthropogenic environments, especially aquatic ecosystems. The key mechanisms for distributing this metal in the environment are adsorption and desorption in stream to sediment, and vice versa.

Chitin extraction from crab shells and synthesis of chitin @metakaolin composite for efficient amputation of Cr (VI) ions.

The present research study combines chitin from shrimp waste with the oxide-rich metakaolin. Metakaolin is a blend of mixed oxides rich in silica and alumina with good adsorbent properties. The chitin@metakaolin (CHt@M.

Amputation of Remazol brilliant blue dye on crosslinked chitosan hydrogel: Statistical treatment and experimental evaluation.

The primary aim of this research is to comprehensively assess the applicability of chitosan biopolymer towards water treatment application and to enhance its adsorption capacity towards Remazol brilliant blue R-19 dye. This has been achieved through physical modification to obtain the material in hydrogel form and chemical modification by crosslinking it with barbituric acid. The characterization of the resulting Chitosan-barbituric acid hydrogel (CBH) was carried out using various analytical techniques such as SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TGA-DTA, XRD, and BET.

A novel chitosan-glutamic acid membrane for multi-pollutant amputation: Investigational and RSM optimizations.

The novel glutamic acid crosslinked chitosan membrane (CsG) was fabricated and tested for its adsorption capabilities for the removal of multiple pollutants like Cr (VI), cyanide, fluoride and diclofenac sodium from wastewater. This fabricated CsG membrane was characterized by various techniques like FT-IR, SEM, EDX and XRD, BET to assess its structural, compositional and morphological properties. The working parameters studied by batch experiments were solution pH, CsG dose, contact time, pollutant concentration and solution temperature.

Efficient multi-ion adsorption using chitosan-malonic acid film: Enhancement using response surface methodology.

The objective of this research is to conduct a comprehensive characterization of chitosan while also improving its attributes by crosslinking with malonic acid, with a focus on its efficacy in removing hexavalent chromium, arsenite and fluoride ions. Crosslinking chitosan in 1:0.5 mass ratio forming a film led to substantial enhancement in confiscation of these target pollutants.

Multifunctional Cross-Linked Shrimp Waste-Derived Chitosan/MgAl-LDH Composite for Removal of As(V) from Wastewater and Antibacterial Activity.

This work synthesized a novel chitosan-loaded MgAl-LDH (LDH = layered double hyroxide) nanocomposite, which was physicochemically characterized, and its performance in As(V) removal and antimicrobial activity was evaluated. Chitosan-loaded MgAl-LDH nanocomposite (CsC@MgAl-LDH) was prepared using cross-linked natural chitosan from shrimp waste and modified by Mg-Al. The main mechanisms predominating the separation of As(V) were elucidated.

Dual modifications of chitosan with PLK for amputation of cyanide ions: Equilibrium studies and optimization using RSM.

The aim of the study is to characterize and hierarchically modify chitosan using partially lateritized khondalite (PLK) rock. PLK is a metamorphic rock rich in mineral oxides and is not commercialized thus, treated as a mining reject. Chitosan was sequentially altered to Chitosan-PLK (Ch-PLK) and Chitosan-PLK-Epichlorohydrin (Ch-PLK-ECH) and both the materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDX, XRD, XRF and BET surface area analysis.

Development of a ghatti gum/poly (acrylic acid)/TiO hydrogel nanocomposite for malachite green adsorption from aqueous media: Statistical optimization using response surface methodology.

The primary goal of this study is to prepare and characterize a ghatti gum/poly(acrylic acid)/TiO (GG/poly(AA)/TiO) hydrogel nanocomposite for adsorption of the dye malachite green (MG) from the aqueous phase in a discontinuous system. A variety of approaches were used to investigate the structure, morphology, and thermomechanical characteristics of the synthesized hydrogel nanocomposite. Response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to analyze the impact of three processing parameters, namely adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, contact duration, and their interactions on MG dye adsorption capacity.

Glutaraldehyde-cross-linked chitosan-alginate composite for organic dyes removal from aqueous solutions.

We present an approach for synthesis of a micro-porous composite of two well-known biopolymers, namely chitosan and alginate, using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. Alginate and chitosan were pre-treated before being mixed, and the two biopolymers' proportions were also monitored. Chitosan was modified using aniline with the help of formaldehyde crosslinker and then the twizer was further crosslinked with alginate using glutaraldehyde.

Tin(IV) cross-linked chitosan for the removal of As(III).

Chitosan, a potent amino polysaccharide, has been cross-linked with Sn(IV) chloride. The material was thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA-DTA and BET studies. This Sn(IV) chloride cross-linked chitosan (Sn-Ch) has been exploited for As(III) adsorption.

Stannic chloride impregnated chitosan for defluoridation of water.

Chitosan, a potent amino polysaccharide, has been impregnated with Sn(IV) chloride for effective adsorption of fluoride from water. The Sn(IV) chloride impregnated chitosan was synthesized using microwave assisted technique. The material was thoroughly characterized using FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD.

Removal of Cd(II) and Hg(II) from effluents by ionic solid impregnated chitosan.

Ethylhexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide impregnated chitosan (EHDAIC) was prepared to remove cadmium and mercury from synthetic effluent. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TGA-DTA. Adsorption studies were carried out under different conditions of pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, and contact time.

Spectrophotometric Investigations of Macrolide Antibiotics: A Brief Review.

Macrolides, one of the most commonly used class of antibiotics, are a group of drugs produced by Streptomyces species. They belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Their activity is due to the presence of a large macrolide lactone ring with deoxy sugar moieties.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Cefixime Trihydrate in Pharmaceutical Formulations Based on Ion-Pair Reaction with Bromophenol Blue.

Cefixime trihydrate is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections. Simple and rapid method has been developed for the determination of cefixime trihydrate in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations. This method was based on the formation of bluish-green ion-pair complex of cefixime trihydrate with bromophenol blue in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-acetonitrile medium.

Effective detoxification of hexavalent chromium using sulfate-crosslinked chitosan.

A sulfate-crosslinked chitosan (SCC) was prepared for effective detoxification of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from effluents. SCC was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray studies. The maximum adsorption of Cr(VI) was observed at pH 6.

Highly sensitive adsorptive stripping voltammetric method for the ultra-trace determination of chromium(VI).

A rapid differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric method has been developed for the ultra-trace determination of chromium using 2,2'-bipyridine. The base electrolyte used is 0.1 M NH4Cl (pH 6.