Creating custom GPTs for faculty development: An example using the Johari Window and Crucial Conversation frameworks for providing feedback to struggling students.

Feedback plays a crucial role in the growth and development of trainees, particularly when addressing areas needing improvement. However, faculty members often struggle to deliver constructive feedback, particularly when discussing underperformance. A key obstacle is the lack of comfort many faculty experience in providing feedback that fosters growth.

Protocol for investigating intracellular microbial diversity using single-cell RNA-seq in immune cells of SARS-CoV-2-positive and recovered patients.

Intracellular microorganisms like viruses and bacteria impact immune cell function. However, detection of these microbes is challenging as the majority exist in a non-culturable state. This protocol presents detailed steps to investigate intracellular microbial diversity using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in immune-cells of SARS-CoV-2-positive and recovered patients.

Pain Coping Skills Training for Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: The HOPE Consortium Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Chronic pain is common among individuals with dialysis-dependent kidney failure.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of pain coping skills training (PCST), a cognitive behavioral intervention, on pain interference.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter randomized clinical trial of PCST vs usual care was conducted across 16 academic centers and 103 outpatient dialysis facilities in the US.

Biomarkers.

Background: The existing literature has established that Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically characterized by changes in memory-associated temporal and parietal lobe atrophy and hypometabolism. However, some individuals clinically diagnosed with AD do not have biomarkers consistent with AD pathology. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate differences in memory consolidation, temporal and parietal lobe atrophy, as well as temporal and parietal lobe metabolism within a clinically diagnosed cohort of individuals with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) who were either positive or negative for amyloid.

TBK1 Targeting Is Identified as a Therapeutic Strategy to Enhance CAR T-Cell Efficacy Using Patient-Derived Organotypic Tumor Spheroids.

Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to improve the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells as a treatment of solid tumors. Multiple tumor microenvironmental factors are thought to contribute to resistance to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors, and appropriate model systems to identify and examine these factors using clinically relevant biospecimens are limited. In this study, we examined the activity of B7-H3-directed CAR T cells (B7-H3.

Biomarkers.

Background: Known areas of Alzheimer's pathology, including the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex and medial temporal cortex, have been well-demonstrated as demonstrating atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using surface-based morphometry measures, recent studies have suggested that the insula may play a role in memory function. Differences in patients based on amyloid biomarkers are increasingly being studied, particularly comparing individuals who were clinically diagnosed as AD but have negative amyloid biomarkers with those who are positive for amyloid.

Using Implementation Science to Assess Barriers to Agreement on Sedation Goal Setting and Assessment.

Objectives: Sedation assessment and goal setting using a validated assessment tool are key components of the ICU Liberation bundle. Appropriate integration of these bundle elements into daily practice remains challenging. Understanding barriers is an important step toward implementation of these best practice bundle elements.

Public Health.

Background: The overall odds and permutations of neurovascular pathologies (NVP) in older adults living with diabetes or peripheral insulin resistance (PIR) have not been comprehensively investigated. Moreover, specific biological mechanisms linking apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype, NVP, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. Here, we examine the odds and permutations of NVP in older adults with PIR in relation to those without.

Biomarkers.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive decline and progressive deterioration of brain function. Recent research has suggested a complex interplay between AD and bone health, with individuals affected by AD exhibiting an increased propensity for fractures and falls. Our preclinical studies in PSEN, MAPT P301 S and FDD mice have shown sex-dependent changes in the bone in AD mice, compared to their age-matched wild type mice.

Developing Topics.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a typical age of onset exceeding 65 years. The age-dependency of the condition led us to track the appearance of DNA damage in the frontal cortex of individuals who died with a diagnosis of AD. The focus on DNA damage was motivated by evidence that increasing levels of irreparable DNA damage are a major driver of the aging process.

Drug Development.

Background: Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Anti-hypertensives (AHT) are commonly used in old age, but their association with cognition and brain pathology is not well understood.

Method: To investigate the relation of AHT with change in cognitive function and postmortem brain pathology, we evaluated 4,207 older persons without known dementia at enrollment and a subset of 1880 participants who died and came to autopsy.

Defining the typical characteristics of orthostatic headache in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension.

Background: Orthostatic headache (OH) is a common feature of various conditions, including spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), but no precise definition currently exists outlining the typical OH characteristics. This ambiguity risks misdiagnosis with unnecessary investigations and delay in institution of treatment. The present study aimed to carry out structured phenotyping of OH in patients with SIH with the aim of outlining its typical characteristics.

Survival of Silver Diamine Fluoride Varnish Treated Teeth among Children with Single/Multiple Applications: A Split-mouth Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Utilizing 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been demonstrated in clinical trials to prevent and halt early childhood caries (ECC). Based on a research evaluation, it has been found that 38% SDF can effectively prevent new tooth decay and stop existing tooth decay in children's primary teeth.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the survival of teeth treated with repeated applications of 38% SDF in children with ECC and to compare the outcomes between single and multiple applications.

Peri-operative identification and management of patients with unhealthy alcohol intake.

Introduction: This consensus statement gives practical advice for the safe management of patients with harmful alcohol intake undergoing elective and emergency surgery. The wide spectrum of alcohol-related organ dysfunction observed in this cohort of patients may have a profound impact on care, and the additional effects of alcohol withdrawal may further exacerbate postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods: A working party was assembled based on clinical and/or academic expertise in the area.

Chronic Liver Disease as a Risk Factor For Post-ERCP Complications: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is indicated for multiple pancreatic and biliary pathologies and carries a heightened risk profile compared with other endoscopic procedures. Considerable research has been directed towards discerning risk factors associated with complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis and post-ERCP bleeding. Despite this, data on chronic liver disease (CLD) as a risk factor for complications is limited.

Identification of a gene controlling levels of the copper response regulator 1 transcription factor in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Oxygen prevents hydrogen production in Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), in part by inhibiting the transcription of hydrogenase genes. We developed a screen for mutants showing constitutive accumulation of iron hydrogenase 1 (HYDA1) transcripts in normoxia. A reporter gene required for ciliary motility placed under the control of the HYDA1 promoter conferred motility only in hypoxia.

Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.

The placenta is vital to maternal and child health but often overlooked in pregnancy studies. Addressing the need for a more accessible and cost-effective method of placental assessment, our study introduces a computational tool designed for the analysis of placental photographs. Leveraging images and pathology reports collected from sites in the United States and Uganda over a 12-year period, we developed a cross-modal contrastive learning algorithm consisting of pre-alignment, distillation, and retrieval modules.

Magnetotactic bacteria from diverse Pseudomonadota families biomineralize intracellular Ca-carbonate.

Intracellular calcium carbonate formation has long been associated with a single genus of giant Gammaproteobacteria, Achromatium. However, this biomineralization has recently received increasing attention after being observed in photosynthetic Cyanobacteriota and in two families of magnetotactic bacteria affiliated with the Alphaproteobacteria. In the latter group, bacteria form not only intracellular amorphous calcium carbonates into large inclusions that are refringent under the light microscope, but also intracellular ferrimagnetic crystals into organelles called magnetosomes.

Aqueous Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiles in Low-Energy vs High-Energy Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To investigate the aqueous proteomics and metabolomics in low-energy and high-energy femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS).

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 72 patients were randomized to 3 groups: low-energy FLACS, high-energy FLACS, and conventional phacoemulsification (controls). Aqueous was collected after femtosecond laser treatment or at the beginning of surgery (controls).

Variance in development of early and late cardiotoxicities in patients with lymphoma and myeloma receiving CAR T-cell therapies.

Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) are recognized complications of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies. However, data are lacking regarding subtypes of adverse events that develop in patients with different malignancies, and little is known about the timeframe in which different cardiotoxicities are most likely to occur post-CAR T-cell therapies. In this study, 211 patients, including 138 lymphoma patients and 66 myeloma patients who received CAR T-cell therapies were retrospectively identified.

Detecting Early Recurrence With Circulating Tumor DNA in Stage I-III Biliary Tract Cancer After Curative Resection.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess (1) the prognostic value of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and (2) the ability of ctDNA to detect recurrence compared with standard surveillance in curatively resected early-stage biliary tract cancer (BTC).

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study evaluated serial ctDNA testing for surveillance in patients with early-stage BTC after curative resection. We evaluated the relapse-free survival (RFS) by ctDNA positivity.