Onco-therapeutic Effect of Novel Triterpenoid Compound Oleanolic Acid Isolated and Characterized from the Methanolic Extract of Coldenia procumbens (Linn.).

India is considered a hub for a wide range of phytochemicals due to its rich biodiversity, which indeed flourished with many folk medicines and treatments. Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites synthesized in plants to protect themselves from deteriorating environmental stress and defense against pathogens. In the present study, we aimed to explore the strong anticancer potential of the bioactive compound present in the leaf extract of Coldenia procumbens (L.

Occupational Injuries and Health Status Among Rural Tribal Non-Traditional Fishing Communities in the Coastal Region of Tamil Nadu, India.

Objectives: This study evaluated the occupational injuries and health hazards associated with fishing as an occupation among non-traditional rural tribal fishing communities in the coastal region of Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 170 individuals belonging to a fishing community, comprising both male ( = 82) and female ( = 88) participants. The demographic details including occupational history, lifestyle characteristics, socio-economic status, personal habits, and health status were assessed through the questionnaire survey.

A community-based study of dental fluorosis in rural children (6-12 years) from an aspirational district in Karnataka, India.

Objectives: The present study was planned to estimate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 6-12 years of children and its association with various drinking water sources, water, and urine fluoride levels among the subset of children under the umbrella of a larger study to address iodine deficiency disorders and iron deficiency anemia in 17 villages of Manvi and Devadurga talukas of Raichur district of Karnataka.

Methods: Analysis of subset of data and urine samples of children under the umbrella of a larger cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in 17 villages of Manvi and Devadurga taluks of Raichur district. House to house survey was carried out to collect data using a semi-structured questionnaire in ODK software.

Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid Scintigraphy in Differentiating Fat Sparing from Lymphomatous Involvement of Liver-Old Wine in New Bottle.

Hepatic mass lesions and focal fat sparing in a fatty liver may be difficult to differentiate on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. Tc-99m Sulfur colloid (SC) scintigraphy has been used in the assessment of solid hepatic masses. Liver metastases will appear as focal photopenic defects due to the loss of Kupffer cell function.

Impact of high MELD scores on CMV viremia following liver transplantation.

Introduction: Advanced liver disease or cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of infections; however, the impact of high pretransplant model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score on cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia after liver transplantation is unknown.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study evaluated CMV high-risk (CMV immunoglobulin G D+/R-) liver transplant recipients who received valganciclovir prophylaxis for 3 months between 2009 and 2019. Patients were stratified by pretransplant MELD score of <35 (low MELD) and ≥35 (high MELD).

Predictors of outcomes of proximal humerus fractures in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Purpose: Minimally displaced pediatric proximal humerus fractures can be reliably managed non-operatively; however, there is considerable debate regarding the appropriate management of severely displaced proximal humerus fractures, particularly in older children and adolescents with limited remodeling potential. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to answer the questions: "What are the functional and quality-of-life outcomes of pediatric proximal humerus fractures?" and "What factors have been associated with a poorer outcome?"

Methods: A review of Medline and Embase was performed on 4 July 2021 using search terms relevant to proximal humerus fractures, surgery, non-operative management, pediatrics, and outcomes. Studies including ≥10 pediatric patients with proximal humerus fractures, which assessed clinical outcomes by use of an established outcome measure, were selected.

Classification of Covid-19 misinformation on social media based on neuro-fuzzy and neural network: A systematic review.

The spread of Covid-19 misinformation on social media had significant real-world consequences, and it raised fears among internet users since the pandemic has begun. Researchers from all over the world have shown an interest in developing deception classification methods to reduce the issue. Despite numerous obstacles that can thwart the efforts, the researchers aim to create an automated, stable, accurate, and effective mechanism for misinformation classification.

Outcomes in Hepatitis C Positive Liver Transplantation: Timing of Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment and Impact on Graft Fibrosis.

Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related disease has the lowest five-year graft survival among all liver transplant recipients. Graft failure due to accelerated fibrosis from unrestrained HCV replication is common. Optimal timing of HCV treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents remains unknown.

The Impact of Treatment Delay on Hepatitis C Liver Transplant Outcomes.

Direct-acting antivirals for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) have improved outcomes in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). However, the timing of HCV treatment and approach to treating rejection have not been well described. Additionally, pharmacists' roles in these comprehensive areas have not been investigated.

The Impact of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk on Graft Failure in Deceased-Donor Renal Transplantation.

Introduction: Pretransplant cardiovascular risk may be amplified after renal transplant, but little is known about its impact on graft outcomes.

Research Question: The purpose of this study was to determine if pretransplant cardiovascular risk was associated with graft outcomes.

Design: This retrospective study included deceased-donor renal transplant recipients from 2010-2015.

SARS-CoV-2 and hypertension.

The objective of this review is to give an overview of the pathophysiological effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in relation to hypertension (HT), with a focus on the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) and the MAS receptor. HT is a multifactorial disease and a public health burden, as it is a risk factor for diseases like stroke, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, leading to 10.4 million deaths yearly.

Clinical Outcomes of Perioperative Desensitization in Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background: Sensitization remains a barrier to heart transplantation (HT). Perioperative desensitization strategies have been described; however, a paucity of evidence exists to demonstrate efficacy and safety in HT.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study consisted of adults who received an HT.

Evaluation of telomere length and genotoxicity among asphalt associated workers.

There are contradictory reports about bitumen exposure and malignancy risk worldwide. Also, the evidence for genotoxicity risk among workers occupationally exposed to asphalt is insufficient. The study intended to evaluate particulate matter 10 (PM) at the workplace and biomarkers of genotoxicity effects among a group of asphalt workers in and around Bangalore, India.

Novel Use of Tamoxifen to Reduce Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Left Ventricular Assist Devices.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a frequent complication in patients with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). We retrospectively evaluated eight patients implanted with a HeartWare LVAD between July 2017 and June 2020 who experienced at least one episode of GIB and were started on tamoxifen 20 mg once daily for secondary prevention. Tamoxifen was associated with a significant decrease in major GIB from a median of 3 (IQR 1.

Survival benefit of renal transplantation in octogenarians.

Background: Elderly patients are the fastest growing population requiring renal replacement therapy. As previous studies have shown a survival benefit of kidney transplantation compared to dialysis for end-stage renal disease, we sought to evaluate if this survival benefit extends to octogenarians.

Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study of renal allograft recipients ≥80 years transplanted from 1999 to 2014 who were compared to patients listed during the same period that did not proceed to transplantation.

Comparison of Alemtuzumab Versus Basiliximab Induction Therapy in Elderly Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: The optimal choice of induction immunosuppression for elderly kidney transplant recipients remains unclear. Although alemtuzumab has been associated with escalating risk of death and graft loss in this population, this risk has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of alemtuzumab with basiliximab induction in this population.

Clinical outcomes of valganciclovir prophylaxis in high-risk (D+/R-) renal transplant recipients experiencing delayed graft function.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) outcomes with valganciclovir prophylaxis in renal transplant recipients experiencing delayed graft function (DGF) are unclear.

Methods: This single center, retrospective, cohort study of CMV high-risk (D+/R- with alemtuzumab induction) deceased donor renal transplant recipients receiving valganciclovir prophylaxis assessed CMV outcomes in patients experiencing DGF (n = 72) versus those with immediate graft function (IGF; n = 66).

Results: Cytomegalovirus viremia by 12 months occurred at similar rates in the IGF and DGF groups (30.

Assessment of genotoxicity and cholinesterase activity among women workers occupationally exposed to pesticides in tea garden.

To assess the effects of exposure to pesticides in tea garden women workers, the present study evaluated the activities of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) as biomarkers of pesticide exposure and DNA damage by comet assay as a biomarker of genotoxicity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. We examined 143 women subjects including 77 women workers exposed to pesticide in tea garden (exposed) and 66 women subject with no history of occupational exposure to pesticides (non-exposed). The two groups had similar mean ages, BMI and personal habits.

Alemtuzumab Induction Versus Conventional Immunosuppression in Heart Transplant Recipients.

The use of alemtuzumab for induction therapy in orthotopic heart transplantation remains controversial, despite its observed benefits in other transplant populations. This study aimed to evaluate whether alemtuzumab conferred a lower risk of rejection while reducing toxicities commonly attributed to standard immunosuppression in orthotopic heart transplantation. We included adult patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation and received induction therapy with alemtuzumab (n = 26) or standard immunosuppression (n = 26).

Alemtuzumab induction and belatacept maintenance in marginal pathology renal allografts.

We performed a prospective, 12-month, single-center, nonrandomized, open-label pilot study to investigate the use of belatacept therapy combined with alemtuzumab induction in renal allografts with preexisting pathology, as these kidneys may be more susceptible to additional toxicity when exposed to calcineurin inhibitors posttransplant. Nineteen belatacept recipients were matched retrospectively to a cohort of tacrolimus recipients on the basis of preimplantation pathology. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was not significantly different between belatacept and tacrolimus recipients at either 3 or 12 months posttransplant (59 vs 45, P = 0.

Hepatitis C genotype change after transplantation utilizing hepatitis C positive donor organs.

A shortage in organs for transplantation has led to the increased use of hepatitis C (HCV) infected donor organs for solid organ transplant recipients infected with HCV. However, the donor HCV genotype is not routinely checked or known prior to transplant. Here, we report 4 cases of genotype conversion after transplantation in patients receiving HCV infected donor organs.

Eight Weeks of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Infection.

Short treatment duration of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) has been successfully used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection in treatment-naive noncirrhotic patients with viral loads (VLs) under 6 million IU/mL. However, this short duration has not been studied in renal transplant recipients (RTRs), a patient population on lifelong immunosuppression. Here, we describe 3 RTRs who received 8 weeks of LDV/SOF, meeting the standard criteria for shortened treatment duration.

Collaborative practice agreement in solid organ transplantation.

Background Given the complexity of solid organ transplant recipients, a multidisciplinary approach is required. To promote medication safety and enable providers to focus on the medical and surgical needs of these patients, our department of pharmacy created a collaborative practice agreement between physicians and pharmacists. Through this agreement, credentialed pharmacists are empowered to provide inpatient services including initiation and adjustment of medications through independent review of laboratory results after multidisciplinary rounds.