Autoimmune myositis and myasthenia gravis resulting from a combination therapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma.

Checkpoint inhibitors are a novel option in the management of metastatic melanomas and many other malignancies. They are used to promote the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes by inhibiting deactivation signals, enabling the immune response to the tumor. Numerous Immune-related adverse effects caused by checkpoint inhibitors have been reported in the literature.

Emergence and treatment of chikungunya arthritis.

Purpose Of Review: To review the emergence, clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of acute chikungunya (CHIK) fever and chronic CHIK arthritis.

Recent Findings: Since 2004, CHIK, an arboviral infection, has spread throughout the world, infecting millions of people. The illness occurs in two phases: an acute viremic infection followed by chronic arthritis.

Treatment of Chronic Chikungunya Arthritis With Methotrexate: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Chikungunya virus infection is a rapidly emerging global viral infection that can cause chronic, debilitating arthritis that in some ways mimics rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX), a therapy that is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis, for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed to identify all published trials that evaluated MTX as monotherapy or combination therapy in patients with chronic chikungunya arthritis.