Antitumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in homologous recombination deficient carcinomas.

PARP inhibitors (PARPis) have remarkable antitumor activity in BRCA mutant ovarian carcinoma. Emerging evidence has shown that responses to PARPis are not limited to BRCA mutant tumors, but could expand to other homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) carcinomas. However, relatively little is known about the efficacy of PARPis in patients with HRD when compared to non-HRD carriers.

Low-temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of 2-D MoS: large area, thickness control and tuneable morphology.

Low-temperature controllable synthesis of monolayer-to-multilayer thick MoS2 with tuneable morphology is demonstrated by using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). The characteristic self-limiting ALD growth with a growth-per-cycle of 0.1 nm per cycle and digital thickness control down to a monolayer are observed with excellent wafer scale uniformity.

Combinatorial approach in the design of multifunctional polymeric nano-delivery systems for cancer therapy.

There have been significant advances in our understanding of cancer as a disease at the molecular level. Combined with improved diagnostic systems, the concept of personalized medicine was introduced where therapy for every patient can be customized according to their disease profile. The nanotechnology approach for formulation design and the advent of drug delivery systems for small molecules and biologics has contributed to the development of personalized medicine.

Graphene nanoribbon blends with P3HT for organic electronics.

In organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) the electrical characteristics of polymeric semiconducting materials suffer from the presence of structural/morphological defects and grain boundaries as well as amorphous domains within the film, hindering an efficient transport of charges. To improve the percolation of charges we blend a regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with newly designed N = 18 armchair graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). The latter, prepared by a bottom-up solution synthesis, are expected to form solid aggregates which cannot be easily interfaced with metallic electrodes, limiting charge injection at metal-semiconductor interfaces, and are characterized by a finite size, thus by grain boundaries, which negatively affect the charge transport within the film.

Controlling subnanometer gaps in plasmonic dimers using graphene.

Graphene is used as the thinnest possible spacer between gold nanoparticles and a gold substrate. This creates a robust, repeatable, and stable subnanometer gap for massive plasmonic field enhancements. White light spectroscopy of single 80 nm gold nanoparticles reveals plasmonic coupling between the particle and its image within the gold substrate.

Network effects of risk behavior change following prophylactic interventions.

We formulated a network-based model to understand how risk behavior change in conjunction with failure of prophylactic interventions can lead to unintended outcomes where "less (intervention) is more (effective)." Our model captures the distinction between one- and two-sided risk behavior change. In one-sided situations (e.

Spatially resolved electrostatic potential and photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube array devices.

We have used laser-excited photocurrent microscopy to map the internal electrostatic potential profile of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (S-SWCNT) array devices with a spatial resolution of 250 nm. The measurements of S-SWCNTs on optically transparent samples provide new insights into the physical principles of device operation and reveal performance-limiting local heterogeneities in the electrostatic potential profile not observable with other imaging techniques. The experiments deliver photocurrent images from the underside of the S-SWCNT-metal contacts and thus enable the direct measurement of the charge carrier transfer lengths at the palladium-S-SWCNT and aluminum-S-SWCNT interfaces.

Self-assembled electrical biodetector based on reduced graphene oxide.

Large-scale fabrication of graphene-based devices is an aspect of great importance for various applications including chemical and biological sensing. Toward this goal, we present here a novel chemical route for the site-specific realization of devices based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Electrodes patterned by photolithography are modified with amino functional groups through electrodeposition.

The graphene-gold interface and its implications for nanoelectronics.

We combine optical microspectroscopy and electronic measurements to study how gold deposition affects the physical properties of graphene. We find that the electronic structure, the electron-phonon coupling, and the doping level in gold-plated graphene are largely preserved. The transfer lengths for electrons and holes at the graphene-gold contact have values as high as 1.

Raman and photocurrent imaging of electrical stress-induced p-n junctions in graphene.

Electrostatically doped graphene p-n junctions can be formed by applying large source-drain and source-gate biases to a graphene field-effect transistor, which results in trapped charges in part of the channel gate oxide. We measure the temperature distribution in situ during the electrical stress and characterize the resulting p-n junctions by Raman spectroscopy and photocurrent microscopy. Doping levels, the size of the doped graphene segments, and the abruptness of the p-n junctions are all extracted.

Atomic structure of reduced graphene oxide.

Using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, we identify the specific atomic scale features in chemically derived graphene monolayers that originate from the oxidation-reduction treatment of graphene. The layers are found to comprise defect-free graphene areas with sizes of a few nanometers interspersed with defect areas dominated by clustered pentagons and heptagons. Interestingly, all carbon atoms in these defective areas are bonded to three neighbors maintaining a planar sp(2)-configuration, which makes them undetectable by spectroscopic techniques.

Electrical conduction mechanism in chemically derived graphene monolayers.

We have performed a detailed study of the intrinsic electrical conduction process in individual monolayers of chemically reduced graphene oxide down to a temperature of 2 K. The observed conductance can be consistently interpreted in the framework of two-dimensional variable-range hopping in parallel with electric-field-driven tunneling. The latter mechanism is found to dominate the electrical transport at very low temperatures and high electric fields.

Trends in tobacco use.

The use of tobacco can be traced back to ancient times. Its popularity grew exponentially during the twentieth century, surging during wartime and with the advent of mass media. The tobacco industry in the United States has been under constant legal pressure during the past 40 years.

Trends in tobacco use.

The use of tobacco can be traced back to ancient times. Its popularity grew exponentially during the twentieth century, surging during wartime and with the advent of mass media. The tobacco industry in the United States has been under constant legal pressure during the past 40 years.