Morbidity and Mortality of Necrotizing Fasciitis and Their Prognostic Factors in Children.

Background: This is a prospective study of the clinico-etiologic profile and factors affecting outcomes in 40 children managed for necrotizing fasciitis (NF).

Materials And Methods: Demographic details, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were recorded, and the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC) score was calculated. Primary outcome (survival vs.

Serum S100B and NSE Levels Correlate With Infarct Size and Bladder-Bowel Involvement Among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

 Stroke is a major global health concern. Due to limited availability of neuroimaging particularly in rural and regional areas in India as well as its limitation, the interest in use of biochemical markers for stroke diagnosis, severity, and prognosis is increasing. Only a handful of studies on stroke biomarkers have been conducted in India.

A Pattern-based Imaging Approach to Pediatric Jaw Lesions.

Jaw lesions in the pediatric population, although infrequently encountered in clinical practice, can cause functional impairment and cosmetic disfiguring. It is further complicated by the difficulty in diagnosis due to complex anatomy and facial developmental process during infancy and childhood. Intraosseous pediatric jaw lesions may vary from odontogenic to nonodontogenic types with nonspecific clinical features in most cases.

Correction in Active Cases Data of COVID-19 for the US States by Analytical Study.

The total coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have reached 139 million worldwide and nearing 3 million deaths on April 16, 2021. The availability of accurate data is crucial as it makes it possible to analyze correctly the infection trends and make better forecasts. The reported recovered cases for many US states are surprisingly low.

Estimation of undetected symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 infection and prediction of its spread in the USA.

The reported COVID-19 cases in the United States of America have crossed over 10 million and a large number of infected cases are undetected whose estimation can be done if country-wide antibody testing is performed. In this study, we estimate this undetected fraction of the population by a modeling and simulation approach. We employ an epidemic model SIPHERD in which three categories of infection carriers, symptomatic, purely asymptomatic, and exposed are considered with different transmission rates that are taken dependent on the social distancing conditions, and the detection rate of the infected carriers is taken dependent on the tests done per day.

An epidemic model SIPHERD and its application for prediction of the spread of COVID-19 infection in India.

Originating from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, and with a gradual spread in the last few months, COVID-19 has become a pandemic crossing 9 million confirmed positive cases and 450 thousand deaths. India is not only an overpopulated country but has a high population density as well, and at present, a high-risk nation where COVID-19 infection can go out of control. In this paper, we employ a compartmental epidemic model SIPHERD for COVID-19 and predict the total number of confirmed, active and death cases, and daily new cases.

Microtubules Deform the Nuclear Membrane and Disrupt Nucleocytoplasmic Transport in Tau-Mediated Frontotemporal Dementia.

The neuronal microtubule-associated protein tau, MAPT, is central to the pathogenesis of many dementias. Autosomal-dominant mutations in MAPT cause inherited frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Using human stem cell models of FTD due to MAPT mutations, we find that tau becomes hyperphosphorylated and mislocalizes to cell bodies and dendrites in cortical neurons, recapitulating a key early event in FTD.

Functional Studies of Missense TREM2 Mutations in Human Stem Cell-Derived Microglia.

The derivation of microglia from human stem cells provides systems for understanding microglial biology and enables functional studies of disease-causing mutations. We describe a robust method for the derivation of human microglia from stem cells, which are phenotypically and functionally comparable with primary microglia. We used stem cell-derived microglia to study the consequences of missense mutations in the microglial-expressed protein triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), which are causal for frontotemporal dementia-like syndrome and Nasu-Hakola disease.

A study on spirometry in petrol pump workers of Ahmedabad, India.

Background: Lung reactions to exposure to dust, gases, and fumes at work places have been studied in different populations. The emission level of pollutants that emit particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in size (PM 10) has been found very high in Ahmedabad. Hence, petrol pump workers in Ahmedabad are likely to get exposed to a high level of air pollution along with petrol and diesel vapors.

The 2014 Varsity Medical Ethics Debate: should we allow genetic information to be patented?

The 2014 Varsity Medical Ethics debate convened upon the motion: "This house believes that genetic information should not be commoditised". This annual debate between students from the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, now in its sixth year, provided the starting point for arguments on the subject. The present article brings together and extends many of the arguments put forward during the debate.

Neuroimaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a radiological review.

The neuroimaging of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), in most of the cases, is nonspecific and can vary depending on the location, especially as shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the absence of a clinical history of LCH, isolated central nervous system (CNS) lesion presents a diagnostic challenge. LCH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of craniofacial tumors and neurodegenerative (ND) lesions of the brain.

Inadvertent chest tube insertion in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital lobar emphysema-highlighting an important problem.

Background: Chest tube insertion in congenital cystic lung lesions is an important problem in children with acute respiratory distress having a cystic lucent lesion on chest radiograph.

Objective: To evaluate the imaging findings and complications in cases of congenital cystic lung lesions with chest tube insertion and suggest the role of appropriate imaging for management of these patients.

Materials And Methods: Chest radiographs and CT scans of children with congenital cystic lung lesions who had inadvertent chest tube insertion preoperatively were retrospectively reviewed for imaging appearances and complications.

Successful management of airway hemangioma with propranolol.

Airway hemangiomas can be difficult to manage and cause anxiety in both the parents and the treating physician. Propranolol, a nonselective beta-blocker, has recently been used for treating proliferating infantile hemangiomas. We report successful management of a proliferating, large, mixed infantile hemangioma with subglottic extension in an Indian infant using oral propranolol in a dose of 2mg/kg/day without any side effects.

Emphysematous hepatitis--a fatal infection in diabetic patients: case report.

Emphysematous hepatitis is a rare fatal rapidly progressive fulminant infection of hepatic parenchyma seen in the setting of diabetes characterised by replacement of hepatic parenchyma with gas collection. There is paucity of literature with regard to pathogenesis, implicated organisms, imaging appearance and management of this condition. We report a case with extensive segmental replacement of liver parenchyma with gas.

Multifocal intrathoracic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour in children.

Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour is the most common benign pulmonary tumour in childhood; however it is seldom diagnosed radiologically. We report three cases of biopsy-proven inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour that presented as large aggressive intrathoracic masses mimicking a malignant process. Two cases also had multifocal areas of origin.