Bioimpedance analysis: a guide to simple design and implementation.

Background: Bioimpedance analysis has found utility in many fields of medical research, yet instrumentation can be expensive and/or complicated to build. Advancements in electronic component design and equipment allow for simple bioimpedance analysis using equipment now commonly found in an engineering lab, combined with a few components exclusive to impedance analysis.

Materials And Methods: A modified Howland bridge circuit was designed on a small circuit board with connections for power and bioimpedance probes.