Expressions of selected microRNAs in gastric cancer patients and their association with Helicobacter pylori and its cag pathogenicity island.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection and the resulting inflammation of the stomach are widely recognized as the primary risk factors for the development of gastric cancer (human health). Despite numerous attempts, the correlation between various virulence factors of H. pylori and stomach cancer remains mainly unexplained.

The Technique of a Modified Ponte Osteotomy Using Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel in Spinal Deformity Correction: Does It Save Time and Reduce Blood Loss?

Background and objective Posterior column osteotomies, such as Smith-Petersen and Ponte osteotomies, are widely utilized in the surgical correction of spinal deformities to address sagittal and coronal imbalances by releasing the posterior tension band. While traditional methods using rongeurs and osteotomies are effective, these are often associated with prolonged operative time, significant blood loss, and increased risk to neural structures. These challenges have driven interest in advanced tools like the ultrasonic bone scalpel (UBS), which uses high-frequency vibrations to enable precise bone cutting with minimal damage to surrounding tissues.

Precision targeting of β-catenin induces tumor reprogramming and immunity in hepatocellular cancers.

First-line immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations show responses in subsets of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Nearly half of HCCs are Wnt-active with mutations in (encoding for β-catenin), , or , and demonstrate limited benefit to ICI due to an immune excluded tumor microenvironment. We show significant tumor responses in multiple β-catenin-mutated immunocompetent HCC models to a novel siRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticle targeting (LNP-CTNNB1).

Utility of cervical dynamic magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating patients with cervical myelopathy: a retrospective study.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of cervical dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) in the assessment of cervical canal stenosis.

Overview Of Literature: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy has been intricately linked to both static and dynamic narrowing of the cervical spinal canal.

Selective Targeting of αβ/MAdCAM-1 Axis Suppresses Fibrosis Progression by Reducing Proinflammatory T Cell Recruitment to the Liver.

Integrin αβ+ T cells perpetuate tissue injury in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet their role in hepatic fibrosis progression remains poorly understood. Here, we report increased accumulation of αβ+ T cells in the liver of people with cirrhosis relative to disease controls. Similarly, hepatic fibrosis in the established mouse model of CCl-induced liver fibrosis was associated with enrichment of intrahepatic αβ+ CD4 and CD8 T cells.

Rare Indication of Atlantoaxial Fusion-failed Conservative Management of Primary Atlantoaxial Osteoarthritis.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis of the atlantoaxial joint is a significant cause of occipitocervical pain, which is often missed and has an increasing prevalence with age. The patients typically present with occipitocervical pain and restricted and painful neck rotations. Despite the primary reliance on conservative management for this pathology, surgical intervention becomes crucial for those not responding to standard conservative treatment.

Antagonizing Activin A/p15 Signaling as Therapeutic Strategy for Liver Disease.

Background/aim: Activin A is involved in the pathogenesis of human liver diseases, but its therapeutic targeting is not fully explored. Here, we tested the effect of novel, highly specific small-molecule-based activin A antagonists (NUCC-474/555) in improving liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy and halting fibrosis progression in models of chronic liver diseases (CLDs).

Methods: Cell toxicity of antagonists was determined in rat hepatocytes and Huh-7 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay.

Transforaminal Endoscopic Ventral Stenosis Decompression in Calcified Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Long Term Outcome in 79 Patients.

Background: Calcified lumbar disc herniations (CLDH) causing calcified ventral stenosis pose a therapeutic challenge to the treating surgeon due to their neural adhesions, location, and hardness.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed all the cases of CLDH/calcified ventral stenosis managed by transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. The preoperative images were analyzed for the level, migration; and grade (Lee's migration zones), and location (Michigan State University classification).

Long-term functional and radiological outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty at a tertiary level spine center in India: A retrospective cohort analysis with minimum 2 years of follow-up.

Context: Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) was developed for the treatment of cervical disc disease with the potential advantages of preservation of physiological motion at a discal level, thereby potentially reducing adjacent level stresses and degeneration, which were a known complication of anterior cervical arthrodesis. The objective of this study was the assessment of long-term functional and radiological outcomes overtime in all the patients who underwent CDA from 2011 to 2019 at our institute.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight patients who underwent CDA (2011-2019) with a minimum 2-year follow-up were retrospectively evaluated.

Comparative Study on Accuracy of Intra-Operative Computed Tomography-Navigation Based Pedicle Screw Placement With Skin vs Bone Fixed Dynamic Reference Frame in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of intra-operative navigation-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw insertion between bone fixed and skin fixed dynamic reference frame (DRF) in Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).

Methods: Between October 2018 and September 2022, patients who underwent MIS-TLIF were included in this study with DRF fixed either on bone (group B) or skin (group S).

Does MR Signal Intensity Change have Prognostic Value in Multilevel Cervical Myelopathy? A Single-Center, Prospective Study.

Background And Objective: Neurological recovery in cervical myelopathy remains unpredictable. There is contradictory literature regarding the prognostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in such cases. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the morphological changes in the spinal cord in cervical spondylotic myelopathy and compare them with clinical outcome.

Western diet dampens T regulatory cell function to fuel hepatic inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background And Aims: The immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs) regulate immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis, yet their functions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis remains controversial.

Methods: Mice were fed a normal diet (ND) or a western diet (WD) for 16 weeks to induce NAFLD. Diphtheria toxin injection to deplete Tregs in Foxp3 mice or Treg induction therapy in WT mice to augment Treg numbers was initiated at twelve and eight weeks, respectively.

Selective targeting of α β /MAdCAM-1 axis suppresses liver fibrosis by reducing proinflammatory T cell recruitment to the liver.

Integrin α β + T cells perpetuate tissue injury in chronic inflammatory diseases, yet their role in hepatic fibrosis progression remains poorly understood. Here we report increased accumulation of α β + T cells in the liver of people with cirrhosis relative to disease controls. Similarly, hepatic fibrosis in the established mouse model of CCl -induced liver fibrosis was associated with enrichment of intrahepatic α β + CD4 and CD8 T cells.

An eco-friendly approach on green synthesis, bio-engineering applications, and future outlook of ZnO nanomaterial: A critical review.

Synthesizing ZnO nanostructures ranging from 1 nm to 4 nm confines the electron cloud and exhibits a quantum effect generally called as quantum confinement effect attracting many researchers in the field of electronics and optics. ZnO nanostructures are used in medical applications to formulate antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anti-diabetic medications. This work is a comprehensive study of green synthesis of ZnO nanomaterials using different biological sources and highlights different processes able to produce nanostructures including nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes and other nano shapes of ZnO nanostructures.

A comparative morphometric analysis of operative windows for performing OLIF among normal and deformity group in lower lumbar spine.

Purpose: To assess the radiological morphometric parameters of OLIF surgical technique in lower lumbar spine among normal and in patients with adult degenerative spine (levoscoliosis and dextroscoliosis).

Method: Standing AP radiographs and MRI in supine position were taken. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on Cobbs' angle into normal, levo and dextro scoliosis.

Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients presenting to emergency department during the second wave of COVID-19.

Background: COVID 19 resurgence in multiple waves and the highly infectious variant of SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617) has wreaked havoc across healthcare systems in India.

'Higher the grade-smaller the pedicle': a study of pedicle dimensional variations in 100 cases of high grade lytic spondylolisthesis.

Purpose: To measure the pedicle dimensions in high grade lytic spondylolisthesis (HGL) and to classify them, which helps the spine surgeon in proper selection of pedicle screws.

Methods: A study of CT scans in 100 consecutive patients between Jan 2017 and April 2021 diagnosed as single-level HGL on standing radiographs. Pedicle height (PH), Pedicle width (PW), Differential pedicle height (DPH), Screw length (SL) and Transverse pedicle angle (TPA) were measured and analyzed.

Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Fatty Liver Disease: Roles of Microbiota, Mucosal Immune System, and Bile Acids.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a spectrum of progressive liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Globally, NAFLD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic liver disease, and NAFLD patients are at a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While there is a consensus that inflammation plays a key role in promoting NAFLD progression, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood.

Does Conventional Open TLIF cause more Muscle Injury when Compared to Minimally Invasive TLIF?-A Prospective Single Center Analysis.

Study Design: Prospective, observational.

Objectives: The aim of our study was to assess the amount of reduction in lean muscle mass (LMM) of multifidus muscle (MFM) between conventional open Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (CO-TLIF) as compared to Minimally invasive spine Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).

Methods: This study was conducted between 2017 and 2020.

RCC (reinforced criss-cross construct): an easy and effective multi-rod thoraco-lumbar posterior reconstruction technique.

Study Design: Surgical technical note and literature review.

Objectives: To describe a technique that uses 4 rod constructs in cases of complex thoracolumbar spinal deformity correction or revision surgeries based on the hybrid use of two different types of purchase points by a staggered pedicle screw fixation. It utilizes two rods on either side of the spine using a lateral and medial entry point of pedicle screws in the vertebral body.

β-Catenin-NF-κB-CFTR interactions in cholangiocytes regulate inflammation and fibrosis during ductular reaction.

Expansion of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) during ductular reaction (DR) is observed in liver diseases including cystic fibrosis (CF), and associated with inflammation and fibrosis, without complete understanding of underlying mechanism. Using two different genetic mouse knockouts of β-catenin, one with β-catenin loss is hepatocytes and BECs (KO1), and another with loss in only hepatocytes (KO2), we demonstrate disparate long-term repair after an initial injury by 2-week choline-deficient ethionine-supplemented diet. KO2 show gradual liver repopulation with BEC-derived β-catenin-positive hepatocytes and resolution of injury.

Transforaminal Thoracic Interbody Fusion for Thoracic Disc Prolapse: Surgicoradiological Analysis of 18 Cases.

Study Design: Retrospective observational study.

Objectives: Thoracic disc prolapse (TDP) surgeries have reported complications ranging from paraplegia to approach related complications. This study is to present a series of TDP patients surgically treated with transforaminal thoracic interbody fusion (TTIF).

The Effectiveness and Safety of Ultrasonic Bone Scalpel Versus Conventional Method in Cervical Laminectomy: A Retrospective Study of 311 Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the results of cervical laminectomy (CL) performed with ultrasonic bone scalpel (UBS) or conventional method (CM).

Method: This study comprised 311 CL performed by a single surgeon between January 2004 and December 2017.

Age - Does it really count? A study of the Perioperative Morbidity and Long-Term Outcome in Patients Above 70 Years of Age Undergoing Spine surgery for Lumbar Degenerative Disorders.

 To assess the long-term outcome and perioperative morbidity in spine surgeries for lumbar degenerative disorders and, thereby, to evaluate the safety of surgery in the aging population.  Retrospective study of patients aged > 70 years, operated for degenerative lumbar disorders between 2011 and 2015. We evaluated patient demographic, clinical and surgical data; comorbidities, perioperative complications, pre & postoperative pain scores and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores, patient satisfaction and overall mortality.

Blocking integrin αβ-mediated CD4 T cell recruitment to the intestine and liver protects mice from western diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background & Aims: The heterodimeric integrin receptor αβ regulates CD4 T cell recruitment to inflamed tissues, but its role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is unknown. Herein, we examined the role of αβ-mediated recruitment of CD4 T cells to the intestine and liver in NASH.

Methods: Male littermate F11r (control) and junctional adhesion molecule A knockout F11r mice were fed a normal diet or a western diet (WD) for 8 weeks.