Occurrence of protease-like catalytic activity in the polyclonal IgG in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Neuro-immune dysfunction and inflammation are said to be involved in the aetiology of major mental illnesses. This study describes the assessment of the protease-like catalytic function of serum IgG in psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, along with healthy controls of Indian ethnicity. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients experiencing neuropsychiatry conditions were included as comparators for the comprehensive evaluation of IgG catalytic function.

Mental disorders during pregnancy and postpartum in Bangladesh: A narrative review.

Background And Aims: Bangladesh has made significant progress in declining maternal mortality in recent decades. However, the available evidence on the various maternal mental disorders in the country has not been comprehensively and critically reviewed to date. This narrative review aimed to assess the mental disorders and associated factors during pregnancy and postpartum in Bangladesh.

The Advantages of Combining Therapies in Treating Psychiatric Patients.

Mental illnesses are among the leading causes of morbidity and disability worldwide, and the burden associated with these disorders has increased steadily over the past three decades [...

Are There Biological Correlates of Response to Yoga-Based Interventions in Depression? A Critical Scoping Review.

Depression is the most common mental disorder worldwide. Both antidepressants and psychotherapy are effective in treating depression, but the response to these treatments is often incomplete. Yoga-based interventions (YBIs) have been advocated by some researchers as a promising form of alternative treatment for depression.

Immune-inflammatory markers of response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: A scoping review.

Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe, effective and non-invasive form of neuromodulatory therapy in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is associated with increased peripheral and brain inflammation. The current paper aims to provide an overview of research examining the relationship between immune and inflammatory markers and response to rTMS in MDD.

Examining the Relationships between the Incidence of Infectious Diseases and Mood Disorders: An Analysis of Data from the Global Burden of Disease Studies, 1990-2019.

Mood disorders are among the commonest mental disorders worldwide. Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that there are close links between infectious diseases and mood disorders, but the strength and direction of these association remain largely unknown. Theoretical models have attempted to explain this link based on evolutionary or immune-related factors, but these have not been empirically verified.

The influence of cultural and religious factors on cross-national variations in the prevalence of chronic back and neck pain: an analysis of data from the global burden of disease 2019 study.

Introduction: Low back pain and neck pain are among the most commonly reported forms of chronic pain worldwide, and are associated with significant distress, disability and impairment in quality of life. Though these categories of pain can be analyzed and treated from a biomedical perspective, there is evidence that they are both related to psychological variables such as depression and anxiety. The experience of pain can be significantly influenced by cultural values.

Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: An Integrative Review.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Recent evidence suggests that PTSD may be a risk factor for the development of subsequent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease. Identification of biomarkers known to be associated with neurodegeneration in patients with PTSD would shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these disorders and would also help in the development of preventive strategies for neurodegenerative disorders in PTSD.

Risperidone response in patients with schizophrenia drives DNA methylation changes in immune and neuronal systems.

The choice of efficient antipsychotic therapy for schizophrenia relies on a time-consuming trial-and-error approach, whereas the social and economic burdens of the disease call for faster alternatives. In a search for predictive biomarkers of antipsychotic response, blood methylomes of 28 patients were analyzed before and 4 weeks into risperidone therapy. Several CpGs exhibiting response-specific temporal dynamics were identified in otherwise temporally stable methylomes and noticeable global response-related differences were observed between good and bad responders.

Cultural values and changes in happiness in 78 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of data from the World Happiness Reports.

The concept of happiness is consistent across cultures to a significant extent, and encompasses both internal (subjective) and external (situational) aspects. Cultural values and norms shape emotions and behavior from an early age, and hence play a key role in influencing cross-national variations in happiness. Cross-national variations in culture can thus play a key role in influencing the relationship between adverse circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and happiness.

The pattern of inpatient psychiatry admissions at a general hospital psychiatry unit in South India: A retrospective study.

Background: Mental illnesses are becoming a major health issue across the world. The availability of inpatient facilities for mentally ill patients is very much limited in developing countries such as India.

Aim: This study was aimed to explore the pattern of psychiatric admissions at a general hospital psychiatry unit (GHPU) in South India.

Antipsychotics in the Management of Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Children and Adolescents: An Update and Critical Review.

Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) in childhood include conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Though psychological therapies are considered to be the first-line treatment for DBDs, many patients require adjunctive pharmacotherapy for the control of specific symptoms, such as aggression. Three prior systematic reviews have examined the evidence for the use of antipsychotics in DBDs and have concluded that their efficacy is marginal and limited by adverse effects.

Dissociative Symptoms and Disorders in Patients With Bipolar Disorders: A Scoping Review.

Dissociative disorders are an important group of trauma-related disorders associated with significant disability. The co-occurrence of dissociative disorders (DD) and symptoms (DS) in bipolar disorder has been relatively understudied, but there is some evidence that this comorbidity may have significant mechanistic and clinical implications. This paper presents the results of a scoping review of the frequency and correlates of DS and DD in bipolar disorder.

Effectiveness of Family-Focused Nurse-led Intervention on Functional Improvement of Patients with Bipolar Disorder at a Tertiary Hospital in South India: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) is a chronic, episodic illness that can create problems and disruptions in the social, occupational, and family functioning of a client. Families are frequently most affected by their bipolar member and have a sense of helplessness to fix bipolar symptoms. The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Family-focused Nursing Interventions (FFNI) on functional improvement in the sample of symptomatic bipolar affective disorder clients.

The Molecular Genetics of Dissociative Symptomatology: A Transdiagnostic Literature Review.

Dissociative disorders are a common and frequently undiagnosed group of psychiatric disorders, characterized by disruptions in the normal integration of awareness, personality, emotion and behavior. The available evidence suggests that these disorders arise from an interaction between genetic vulnerability and stress, particularly traumatic stress, but the attention paid to the underlying genetic diatheses has been sparse. In this paper, the existing literature on the molecular genetics of dissociative disorders, as well as of clinically significant dissociative symptoms not reaching the threshold of a disorder, is reviewed comprehensively across clinical and non-clinical samples.

The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries.

Emergent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been frequently reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may affect up to 17-18% of individuals. There is preliminary evidence that pandemic severity, cultural values, restrictions imposed by governments, and Internet usage may all influence the emergence of PTSD symptomatology. In this study, possible linear- and non-linear associations between these factors and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms across 35 countries were examined based on data from existing research.

Metals, Nanoparticles, Particulate Matter, and Cognitive Decline.

Exposure to metals is ubiquitous and emission sources include gasoline, diesel, smoke from wildfires, contaminated soil, water and food, medical implants, waste recycling facilities, subway exposures, and occupational environments. PM exposure is associated with impaired cognitive performance, neurobehavioral alterations, incidence of dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles are major emitters of metal-rich PM and nanoparticles in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC).