Publications by authors named "Ravi P Jha"
Background: During the coronavirus pandemic, misinformation was circulated through technology and social media on a large scale. Since people rely on media to keep connected and informed, misinformation can prevent them from staying safe.
Objectives: To examine the quality of information reaching Pakistanis, the effect of information/misinformation on people's perception, and its relationship with risky health behaviours in different demographical groups.
Article Synopsis
- Sexual dysfunction in women is common but often underdiagnosed, primarily due to doctors' lack of training and experience in managing these issues.
- A study involving 513 doctors revealed low routine screening rates (11.1%) for sexual dysfunction despite many feeling comfortable discussing it and providing counseling.
- Major barriers identified included lack of time, inadequate training, and patient discomfort, indicating a need for improved education and practices in addressing female sexual dysfunction.
Background: Depression is a major public health concern among Indian adolescents. Pre- and post-natal depression can often alter fetal development and have negative consequences on the physical and mental health of the mother. This paper aims to draw attention to the prevalence of depression and its correlates among currently married, ever-pregnant adolescents from two Indian States, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: This study sought to assess the prevalence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and factors associated with AEFI of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Covishield) among healthcare workers (HCW) of a medicine-teaching institution of North India.
Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the months of June and July 2021 among HCW ( = 203) of 18 years and above, vaccinated with at least the first dose of Covishield. A semi-structured, prevalidated, and pretested questionnaire was used to collect information through an interview schedule.
Objectives Our study aims to re-evaluate the epidemiological profile and treatment outcomes of TB patients enrolled at the chest clinic of a tertiary care center after the third wave of COVID-19 in New Delhi. Patients and methods We have conducted an observational analytical study after taking the IEC approval from October 2022 to February 2022 on the TB patients enrolled from March 2022 to August 2022. The total data of 1114 TB patients was analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Vitamin D deficiency and anemia are clinical conditions that coexist during pregnancy. A high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency ranging from 50 to 94% is seen throughout the country. The aim of the study was to discover the association between Vitamin D status and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Monitoring the transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population is fundamental for identifying the key population and designing prevention interventions. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the gender disparities in HIV incidence and the age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence of HIV in India for identifying the predictors that might have led to changes in the last three decades.
Data And Methods: This study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the period 1990-2019.
Background: Tuberculosis is still a major public health problem in India. This study aims to assess trends in the burden of tuberculosis from 1990 to 2019 for tracking success of tuberculosis control programme in India.
Methods: In this study, the 2019 global burden of disease study data were used to measure the incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years lost (DALY)rates of Tuberculosis during 1990-2019 for India and its states.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates the prevalence and impacts of adolescent pregnancy and motherhood in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, using data from 4,897 married girls aged 15-19, highlighting that 61% became pregnant and 42% gave birth before age 20.
- - Early marriages significantly increase the likelihood of pregnancy and motherhood, with women marrying before 18 years being 1.79 times more likely to be pregnant and 3.21 times more likely to become mothers.
- - The research also finds a link between physical violence and adverse pregnancy outcomes, suggesting that efforts to combat early marriage, improve education, and empower women could help reduce these issues.
Discriminant function analysis is the statistical analysis used to analyze data when the dependent variable or outcome is categorical and independent variable or predictor variable is parametric. It is a parametric technique to determine which weightings of quantitative variables or predictors best discriminates between two or more than two categories of dependent variables and does so better than chance. Discriminant analysis is used to find out the accuracy of a given classification system in predicting the sample into a particular group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa, with current efforts falling short of global targets for eradication set by UNAIDS and the SDGs.
- The study utilized extensive data from various HIV prevalence surveys to estimate localized HIV infection rates across 43 African countries, focusing on specific age and sex groups from 2000 to 2018.
- Findings revealed wide disparities in HIV prevalence within countries and districts, indicating that age and sex stratification provides more nuanced insights into the epidemic, which can help tailor prevention and treatment efforts more effectively.
Effect of Antioxidant-Rich Moringa Leaves on Quality and Functional Properties of Strawberry Juice.
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
September 2022
Article Synopsis
- Moringa and strawberries are nutritious fruits with health benefits, playing roles in treating diabetes and cancer due to their rich content of vitamins and antioxidants.
- The study aims to create a highly acceptable ready-to-serve juice blend using different proportions of Moringa and strawberry juice to overcome Moringa's bitter taste and green color.
- Results showed that a blend of 90% strawberry juice and 10% Moringa extract had the best flavor, color, and taste, and is particularly beneficial for children with malnutrition and women due to its high nutritional value.
Diagnostic tests are pivotal in modern medicine due to their applications in statistical decision-making regarding confirming or ruling out the presence of a disease in patients. In this regard, sensitivity and specificity are two most important and widely utilized components that measure the inherent validity of a diagnostic test for dichotomous outcomes against a gold standard test. Other diagnostic indices like positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, accuracy of a diagnostic test, and the effect of prevalence on various diagnostic indices have also been discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGender-based personality traits in physically aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behaviours.
Curr Issues Personal Psychol
March 2022
Background: The current study aimed to understand the role of callousness, affective dissonance, and two subtypes of sensation seeking personality traits - 1) disinhibition and 2) thrill and adventure seeking - in physically aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behaviours (ASB) among educated youth and to explore the gender differences in them.
Participants And Procedure: An online survey was sent to a large sample of students at a UK university. Initially, a sample of = 539 participants was collected but after screening out the data, = 429 participants were included for analyses based on the sampling criteria.
Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer that occurs to women worldwide. This study aims to assess trends in incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in India and its states over past three decades for tracking the progress of strategies for the prevention and control of cervical cancer.
Methods: Data on cervical cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 for India and its states were extracted from Global Burden of Disease study and were utilized for the analysis.
Article Synopsis
- The GBD 2019 study systematically estimated the global cancer burden, providing data on incidence, mortality, and disability to help address cancer worldwide.
- In 2019, an estimated 23.6 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths occurred globally, marking significant increases in rates since 2010, with cancer becoming a leading cause of both death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
- The impact of cancer varied across sociodemographic index (SDI) quintiles, with higher SDI areas seeing more new cases, while middle SDI areas experienced more deaths and DALYs, highlighting disparities in cancer burden.
Introduction: Globally, a metabolic disorder like Diabetes is considered as one of the largest global health issues, as it accounts for the majority of the disease burden and happens to be one of the leading causes of mortality as well as reduced life expectancy across the world. As in 2019, India is home to the second-largest number (77 million) of Diabetic adults and the number of people affected has been increasing rapidly over the years. Termed as "the diabetes capital of the world," with every fifth diabetic in the world being an Indian, there is an urgent need to address many critically significant challenges posed by Diabetes in India, like, increasing prevalence among young people in urban areas, less awareness among people, high cost of disease management, limited healthcare facilities, suboptimal diabetes control etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The text indicates that there has been a correction made to a previously published article.
- The specific article is identified by its Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1007/s40200-021-00834-y.
- This correction is necessary to address any errors or inaccuracies in the original publication.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease which contributes to the mortality and morbidity significantly in India and Brazil. This study was planned to compare the trends of incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of VL burden in India and Brazil from 1990 to 2019 using Global burden of disease study (GBD) data. The metrics are presented as age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants with their respective uncertainty intervals (95% UI) and relative percentages of change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tuberculosis, as a communicable disease, is an ongoing global epidemic that accounts for high burden of global mortality and morbidity. Globally, with an estimated 10 million new cases and around 1.4 million deaths, TB has emerged as one of the top 10 causes of morbidity and mortality in 2019.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Globally, due to population diversity, the prevalence of problematic internet use (PIU) varies from 7.3 to 51%. This study aims to assess correlates of problematic internet use among undergraduate medical students of Delhi and derive a model for allocating new subjects among categories of internet users.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Head injury in infancy and childhood has been documented as the single most common cause of death. In India, children aged <15 years constitute 35% of the total population and contribute to 20-30% of all head injuries. In this study, we attempted to analyze the epidemiological factors, management, and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria.
Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation.
Article Synopsis
- Injuries significantly impact global health, with the number of injury deaths rising from approximately 4.26 million in 1990 to about 4.48 million in 2017, despite a decline in age-standardized mortality rates.
- The Global Burden of Disease study measured both fatal and non-fatal injuries through years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs), which were combined into disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).
- While overall injury incidence increased, age-standardized DALYs decreased, indicating a need for ongoing research focused on injury prevention, better data collection, and improving access to medical care in high-burden areas.