Public Health.

Background: In 2020, five Italian scientific societies issued diagnostic recommendations to improve the rational and combined use of biomarkers in the clinical practice of Italian memory clinics (Boccardi et al., 2020). The present project will aim to compare the most frequent diagnostic workups in three academic memory clinics before (pre-recommendations: January 2018 - December 2019) and after (post-recommendations: October 2022 - October 2023) the release of the recommendations to assess their implementation in clinical routine.

TFA-promoted (hetero)arylation/hydroxylation of quinoxaline-2-one derivatives with electron-rich aromatic compounds.

A metal- and solvent-free, one-pot and TFA-promoted method for the construction of hetero/aryl-substituted quinoxalin-2-ones, pyrazin-2(1)-ones, and pyrimidin-4(3)-ones is reported. This method involves the reaction of chloro-derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles with electron-rich arenes/heteroarenes, followed by hydroxylation. This protocol is easy to use, providing access to (hetero)aryl-substituted -heterocycles in good yields.

Paraconduit hiatus hernia after esophageal cancer surgery: incidence, risk factors, and management.

In parallel with improved operative and oncologic outcomes for esophageal cancer, paraconduit hiatus hernia (PHH) is an increasingly recognized entity, both in the early postoperative phase and in long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for PHH, and to describe management approaches in a tertiary referral center. All patients undergoing surgery with curative intent for esophageal cancer from 2008 to 2022 at a single center were included.

Synthesis of 3-heteroaryl-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridines as potent inhibitors of AP-2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) with antiviral activity.

Inhibition of AP-2-associated protein kinase 1 (AAK1) has been shown to be a promising avenue for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents. On a previously described AAK1 inhibitor based on a pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold, the concept of isosterism was applied, by replacing a carboxamide linker by various five-membered heterocycles. It led to the discovery of a novel series of AAK1 inhibitors with IC values in the low nM range, that also displayed antiviral activity against the dengue virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Normative Data of the Side-To-Side Soleus Hoffmann Reflex from the Calf Muscle in Healthy Individuals in the Lying Down Position.

The goal of this study was to find out from the calf muscle, the normal H-reflex is in a group of healthy adults. This study is conducted for the period of one year in 2020-2021, in the department of Physiology AIIMS Bhopal, 119 adult male healthy volunteers who were asymptomatic from peripheral neuropathy and had a mean age of 30.40±6.

Adherence to integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) guidelines by community health workers in Kano State, Nigeria through use of a clinical decision support (CDS) platform.

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) guidelines established in 1992 to decrease preventable under-five child morbidity and mortality, was adopted by Nigeria in 1997. Over 20 years later, while under-five child mortality remains high, less than 25% of first level facilities have trained 60% of community health workers (CHW) who care for sick children with IMCI. This study investigated the impact in CHWs overall adherence to IMCI guidelines, particularly for critical danger signs, as well as usability and feasible following the implementation of THINKMD's IMCI-based digital clinical decision support (CDS) platform.

Evidence for the Positive Impact of Centralization in Esophageal Cancer Surgery.

Objective: To analyze the impact of centralization on key metrics, outcomes, and patterns of care at the Irish National Center.

Background: Overall survival rates for esophageal cancer in the West have doubled in the last 25 years. An international trend towards centralization may be relevant; however, this model remains controversial, with Ireland centralizing esophageal cancer surgery in 2011.

Computed tomography (CT) derived radiomics to predict post-operative disease recurrence in gastric cancer; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Radiomics offers the potential to predict oncological outcomes from pre-operative imaging in order to identify 'high risk' patients at increased risk of recurrence. The application of radiomics in predicting disease recurrence provides tailoring of therapeutic strategies. We aim to comprehensively assess the existing literature regarding the current role of radiomics as a predictor of disease recurrence in gastric cancer.

Reducing recurrence rates in hiatal hernia repair: Results of a quality improvement study.

Background: Patient and procedure factors are considered in the decision-making process for surgical repair of hiatal hernias. Recurrence is multi-factorial and has been shown to be related to size, type, BMI and age.

Aims: This study examined recurrence rates in a single institution, identified areas for improved surgical technique, and re-assessed recurrence following implantation of a quality improvement initiative.

Optical, vibrational, and photoluminescence properties of holmium-doped boro-bismuth-germanate glasses.

Holmium (Ho)-doped boro-bismuth-germanate glasses having the chemical composition (30-x)BO + 20GeO + 20BiO + 20NaO + 10YO + xHoO, where x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.

Chemotherapy related changes in cfDNA levels in squamous non-small cell lung cancer: correlation with symptom scores and radiological responses.

Aim: There is limited data on prognostic value of baseline plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) in advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (sq-NSCLC). This prospective observational study aimed to assess change in plasma cfDNA levels in locally-advanced/metastatic sq-NSCLC with chemotherapy and its correlation with symptom-scores and radiological-responses.

Methods: Chemotherapy-naive patients with stages-IIIB/IIIC/IV sq-NSCLC ( = 59), smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD, COPD-controls (CC); = 27] and healthy-controls ( = 25) were enrolled.

Precise correction of a spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations in coding and non-coding regions by base editors.

β-thalassemia/HbE results from mutations in the β-globin locus that impede the production of functional adult hemoglobin. Base editors (BEs) could facilitate the correction of the point mutations with minimal or no indel creation, but its efficiency and bystander editing for the correction of β-thalassemia mutations in coding and non-coding regions remains unexplored. Here, we screened BE variants in HUDEP-2 cells for their ability to correct a spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations that were integrated into the genome as fragments of .

Analysing the Combined Effects of Radiotherapy and Chemokine Receptor 5 Antagonism: Complementary Approaches to Promote T Cell Function and Migration in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma.

The presence of an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is a major contributor to poor responses. Novel treatment strategies are required to supplement current regimens and improve patient survival. This study examined the immunomodulatory effects that radiation therapy and chemokine receptor antagonism impose on T cell phenotypes in OAC with a primary goal of identifying potential therapeutic targets to combine with radiation to improve anti-tumour responses.

Assessing Accuracy and Precision of Hemoglobin Determination in Venous, Capillary Pool, and Single-Drop Capillary Blood Specimens Using three Different HemoCue® Hb Models: The Multicountry Hemoglobin Measurement (HEME) Study.

Background: Anemia prevalence estimates reported in population surveys can vary based on the blood specimen source (capillary or venous) and analytic device (hematology autoanalyzers or portable hemoglobinometers) used for hemoglobin (Hb) determination.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare accuracy and precision of Hb measurement in three blood specimen types on three models of hemoglobinometers against the results from venous blood from the same individuals measured on automated analyzers (AAs).

Methods: This multisite (Cambodia, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Lebanon, Nigeria, and Tanzania) study assessed Hb measurements in paired venous and capillary blood specimens from apparently healthy women (aged 15-49 y) and children (aged 12-59 mo) using three HemoCue® Hb models (201+, 301, and 801).

Synthesis of a 3,7-Disubstituted Isothiazolo[4,3-]pyridine as a Potential Inhibitor of Cyclin G-Associated Kinase.

Disubstituted isothiazolo[4,3-]pyridines are known inhibitors of cyclin G-associated kinase. Since 3-substituted-7-aryl-isothiazolo[4,3-]pyridines remain elusive, a strategy was established to prepare this chemotype, starting from 2,4-dichloro-3-nitropyridine. Selective C-4 arylation using ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling and palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation functioned as key steps in the synthesis.

Base editing of key residues in the BCL11A-XL-specific zinc finger domains derepresses fetal globin expression.

BCL11A-XL directly binds and represses the fetal globin (HBG1/2) gene promoters, using 3 zinc-finger domains (ZnF4, ZnF5, and ZnF6), and is a potential target for β-hemoglobinopathy treatments. Disrupting BCL11A-XL results in derepression of fetal globin and high HbF, but also affects hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) engraftment and erythroid maturation. Intriguingly, neurodevelopmental patients with ZnF domain mutations have elevated HbF with normal hematological parameters.

Combustion conditions influence toxicity of flame-generated soot to ocular (ARPE-19) cells.

Soot is a prevalent aerosol found both indoors and outdoors that has several sources, such as natural (e.g., wildfires), civilian (e.

Safety and Efficacy of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) in the Detection and Prevention of Cardiac Arrhythmia - A Systematic Review.

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been recommended as an effective therapy in treating sudden cardiac deaths. This study evaluates the safety and efficacies of ICDs in detecting arrhythmias. Different ICDs, such as the transvenous cardioverter defibrillator (TV-ICD) and the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD), are used.

Long-Term Management of Migraine With OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) vs Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Antibodies (Anti-CGRP).

In this literature review, we will evaluate the effectiveness of OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (anti-CGRP) in the treatment of migraine headaches. Both therapies are frequently prescribed for managing and preventing migraines and have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The mechanism of action, side effects, compliance, cost-effectiveness, and migraine treatment provided by these two medicines were compared in the analysis of several studies.