Role of multiparametric MRI in long-term surveillance following focal laser ablation of prostate cancer.

Objective: Determine the multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) appearance of the prostate following focal laser ablation (FLA) for PCa and to identify imaging characteristics associated with recurrent disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent FLA for low-intermediate risk PCa between 2010 and 2014 was performed. Early (median 4 months) and late mpMRI (median 49 months) follow-up were qualitatively assessed for -weighted, dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) appearances and also compared to corresponding PSA values and biopsy results.

Evaluation of a multiparametric MRI scoring system for histopathologic treatment response following preoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a multiparametric (mp) MRI scoring system for assessment of tumour response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Method: Fifty-nine consecutive patients with LARC who had rectal MRI before and after CRT followed by surgery were included. Two radiologists retrospectively assessed tumour response using a proposed mpMRI scoring system.

Quantitative Prostate MRI Analysis Following Fluvastatin Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer - A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To assess the role of multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) in assessment of tumor response to fluvastatin administered prior to radical prostatectomy.

Methods: Men with MRI-visible, clinically significant prostate cancer and due to be treated with radical prostatectomy were prospectively enrolled. mpMRI was performed at baseline and following 6-7 week of neoadjuvant oral statin therapy (40 mg fluvastatin, twice daily), prior to prostatectomy.

Development of nuclear medicine image quality assessment criteria for use in a technologist peer review program.

Introduction/background: A peer learning program includes the process of peer review, which is the act of performing a secondary review of a peer's work using pre-defined criteria. The Technologist Image Quality Assessment Criteria Project (TIQACP) was initiated to develop and evaluate such criteria for use by technologists for assessment of image quality in Nuclear Medicine (NM).

Methods: A NM clinical expert panel was assembled, comprising 14 technologists, radiologists, and educators from five imaging centres and an academic institution with associated medical imaging training programs.

Preliminary evaluation of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI for differentiation of serous from nonserous pancreatic cystic neoplasms: a pilot study.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate preliminary feasibility of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI in differentiation of pancreatic serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) from non-SCNs.

Methods: From August 2017 to June 2019, 10 patients (3 men, 7 women; mean age, 63 years) previously diagnosed with pancreatic cystic neoplasm underwent simultaneous 18F-FDG-PET/MRI prospectively on an integrated 3-Tesla hybrid PET/MRI scanner. PET images were analyzed visually and semiquantitatively measuring standardized uptake values (SUV) including lesion SUVmax and SUVmean, lesion to pancreas and lesion to liver SUVmax and SUVmean ratio independent of MRI diagnosis.

Bridging the Gap Between Radiology and Primary Care: Expansion and Sustainability of a Medical Imaging Call Center Model.

Objectives: The Medical Imaging Call Centre (MICC) was an initiative carried out by a hospital-based academic imaging department with the aim to provide navigational services and radiologist consultations to community-based primary care physicians (PCPs). The strategies used to expand and sustain the initiative over a 3.5-year period after an initial pilot are described.

Long-Term Impact of Thyroid Biopsy Specialists on Efficiency and Quality of Thyroid Biopsy.

Objective: To assess consistency and long-term progress in thyroid biopsy performed by trained sonographers under supervision of a radiologist.

Methods: Trained sonographers started performing thyroid biopsy at our institute in August 2011. The data for this study were extracted from a prospectively maintained database for ultrasound guided thyroid biopsy and included the number of thyroid fine needle aspiration biopsy procedures performed between August 2011 and 2016 and the final cytopathology report as per the Bethesda Classification.

Optimising after-hours workflow of computed tomography orders in the emergency department.

Ordering and protocolling CT scans after-hours from the emergency department (ED) at our institution previously required discussion between the ED physician and radiology resident, which led to workflow inefficiency. Our intervention consisted of creating an electronic list of CT requests that radiology residents would monitor. Radiology protocolled straightforward requests and contacted the ordering physician for more details when required.

Cellular fibroepithelial lesions diagnosed on core needle biopsy: Is there any role of clinical-sonography features helping to differentiate fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumor?

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the role of clinico-sonographic features of breast cellular fibroepithelial lesions (CFELs) diagnosed on core needle biopsy (CNB) in the differentiation between fibroadenoma (FA) and phyllodes.

Materials And Methods: Results of consecutive women with a CNB showing CFEL from 2005 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and sonographic findings were compared with surgical outcomes.

Assessment of biliary anatomy in potential living liver donors: Added value of gadoxetic acid-enhanced T1 MR Cholangiography (MRC) including utilization of controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) technique in comparison to T2W-MRC.

Objectives: To assess the added value of gadoxetic-acid-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance Cholangiography (T1W-MRC) including controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA)-Volumetric Interpolated Breathhold (VIBE) technique compared to T2-weighted MR Cholangiography (T2W-MRC) in depicting biliary anatomy in potential living liver donors.

Methods: Eighty-five potential donors including 34 men with a mean age of 35.6 years (range, 18-55 years) and 51 women with a mean age of 36.

Risk stratification in primary sclerosing cholangitis: comparison of biliary stricture severity on MRCP versus liver stiffness by MR elastography and vibration-controlled transient elastography.

Objectives: To compare biliary stricture severity on magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) liver stiffness (LS) for evaluation of risk stratification and prognostication in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).

Materials And Methods: Eighty-seven patients (31-61 years; 34 female/53 male) prospectively underwent biochemical testing, VCTE, MRCP, and MRE between January 2014 and July 2016. Correlation between the MRCP grading of PSC based on biliary stricture severity, LS on MRE and VCTE, and the Mayo Risk Score as well as the Amsterdam Oxford Prognostic Index (AOPI) were evaluated and compared.

Predictive Value of In Vivo MR Spectroscopy With Semilocalization by Adiabatic Selective Refocusing in Differentiating Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma From Other Subtypes.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of in vivo MR spectroscopy (MRS) with semilocalization by adiabatic selective refocusing (semi-LASER MRS) in differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from the non-clear cell subtype. Sixteen patients with biopsy-proven RCC or masses highly suspicious for RCC were prospectively recruited to participate in the study. Single-voxel H spectra were acquired using a 3-T MRI system, with a semi-LASER sequence acquired for renal tumors in 14 patients and for healthy renal tissue (control tissue) in 12 patients.

Glucose dysregulation in patients with iron overload: is there a relationship with quantitative pancreas and liver iron and fat content measured by MRI?

Objectives: The aim was to investigate the relationship between pancreatic and hepatic iron and fat to glucose metabolism in patients with iron overload and address conflicting results in literature as regards the relationship between pancreas iron and glucose dysregulation.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated pancreatic and hepatic R2*, fat fraction (FF), liver iron concentration (LIC), and glucose metabolism in 105 patients with iron overload obtained with a multi-echo gradient echo R2* technique and assessed the correlation between pancreatic R2* and FF to glucose dysregulation.

Results: There were no significant differences in pancreatic R2*, liver R2*, and FF in patients with iron overload and glucose dysregulation compared to those with normoglycemia (p = 0.

Diagnostic performance of 2015 American Thyroid Association guidelines and inter-observer variability in assigning risk category.

Objective: To determine the interobserver variability of the 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) thyroid guidelines and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the guidelines in detecting thyroid cancer.

Materials And Methods: Sonographic patterns of 189 thyroid lesions were retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists according to the 2015 guidelines. The risk of malignancy was calculated for each pattern and compared with the published expected risk of malignancy.

Outcomes of Long-term Interval Rescreening With Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer in Different Risk Cohorts.

Introduction: We hypothesize that the incidence of screen-detected lung cancer (LC), in participants with previously negative scans, will be highest in the cohort with the highest baseline risk score.

Methods: Individuals with negative baseline screening results from the Princess Margaret International Early Lung Cancer Action Program before 2009 underwent low-dose computed tomography rescreening from 2015 to 2018. Individuals were contacted in order of descending risk, as determined by the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial's PLCO 6-year LC risk-prediction model, and then categorized into three risk cohorts according to their baseline risks.

Using Digital Health to Support Best Practices: Impact of MRI Ordering Guidelines Embedded Within an Electronic Referral Solution.

Background: Between 2003 and 2012, the number of MRIs performed in Canada more than doubled to 1.7 million [1]. According to a 2010 Health Council of Canada report nearly 30% of MRIs were inappropriately ordered [2].

Enhanced pneumothorax visualization in ICU patients using portable chest radiography.

Objective: Pneumothorax development can cause precipitous deterioration in ICU patients, therefore quick and accurate detection is vital. Portable chest radiography is commonly performed to exclude pneumothoraces but is hampered by supine patient position and overlying internal and external material. Also, the initial evaluation of the chest radiograph may be performed by a relatively inexperienced physician.

"I'm Just Guessing These Answers!" An Evaluation of the (In)Accuracy of Patient-Reported Medical History Collected as Part of a Breast Imaging Program.

Introduction: Hundreds of thousands of Ontario women receive breast screening imaging each year. The patient's medical history is a vital tool used to personalize breast screening approaches. This study evaluated the accuracy of self-reported medical and imaging history in patients about to receive breast imaging procedures in a large urban Canadian hospital.

The development and validation of magnetic resonance elastography for fibrosis staging in primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Objectives: To develop and internally validate MR elastography (MRE) quantified liver stiffness (LS) cut-off values for distinguishing early/moderate fibrosis from cirrhosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) against non-invasive fibrosis test of vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE).

Methods: Sixty-seven patients were enrolled prospectively at a tertiary care centre to undergo MRE and VCTE. MRE-quantified LS was calculated using three region-of-interest (ROI) methods: Trace, Average and Maximum.

Importance of Long-term Low-Dose CT Follow-up after Negative Findings at Previous Lung Cancer Screening.

Purpose To assess the incidence of lung cancer in a cohort of patients with negative findings at previous lung cancer screening. Materials and Methods In this prospective cohort study, the authors first identified 4782 individuals who had negative screening results as part of the International Early Lung Cancer Action Program (1993-2005). Subjects were assigned a lung cancer risk score by using a validated risk model.

Utility of shear-wave elastography to differentiate low from advanced degrees of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection of native and transplant livers.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of shear-wave elastography (SWE) to differentiate low from advanced degrees of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C patients.

Material & Method: Consented native/transplant hepatitis C patients underwent SWE using a C1-6 MHz transducer before ultrasound (US)-guided liver biopsy. Five interpretable SWE samples were obtained from the right lobe of the liver immediately before US-guided random biopsy of the right lobe.

MRI features of combined hepatocellular- cholangiocarcinoma versus mass forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a rare primary liver tumor, which has overlapping imaging features with mass forming intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous studies reported imaging features more closely resemble ICC and the aim of our study was to examine the differential MRI features of cHCC-CC and ICC with emphasis on enhancement pattern observations of gadolinium enhanced MRI.

Methods: Institutional review board approval with consent waiver was obtained for this retrospective bi-centric study.

Mapping of hepatic vasculature in potential living liver donors: comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MR imaging using CAIPIRINHA technique with CT angiography.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) using controlled aliasing in parallel imaging results in higher acceleration (CAIPIRINHA) technique for mapping hepatic vascular anatomy in potential living liver donors, with CT angiography (CTA) as reference standard.

Methods: 82 potential living liver donors who underwent MRA and CTA were enrolled in this HIPAA-compliant IRB-approved study. MRA and CTA images were evaluated by two reviewers in consensus with respect to (1) image quality scores for depiction of the hepatic vessels and (2) accuracy of MRA for determining the hepatic vascular variants with CTA as reference standard.

Can negligible hepatic steatosis determined by magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction obviate the need for liver biopsy in potential liver donors?

The purpose of this study is to determine whether magnetic resonance (MR)-proton density fat fraction (PDFF) estimate of negligible hepatic fat percentage (<5%) can exclude significant hepatic steatosis (≥10%) in living liver donor candidates obviating the need for liver biopsy and to perform intraindividual comparisons between MR-PDFF techniques for hepatic steatosis quantification. In an ethics-approved retrospective study, 144 liver donor candidates with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 6-echo Dixon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2013 and 2015 were included. A subset of 32 candidates underwent liver biopsy.

Prospective comparison of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI and contrast-enhanced CT with histopathological correlation for preoperative detection of colorectal liver metastases following chemotherapy and potential impact on surgical plan.

Objective: To prospectively compare the diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI) and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) for preoperative detection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) following chemotherapy and to evaluate the potential change in the hepatic resection plan.

Methods: 51 patients with CRLM treated with preoperative chemotherapy underwent liver imaging by EOB-MRI and CECT prospectively. Two independent blinded readers characterized hepatic lesions on each imaging modality using a 5-point scoring system.