Miniaturized electrophoresis: An integrated microfluidic cartridge with functionalized hydrogel-assisted LAMP for sample-to-answer analysis of nucleic acid.

Accurate detection of pathogenic nucleic acids is crucial for early diagnosis, effective treatment, and containment of infectious diseases. It facilitates the timely identification of pathogens, aids in monitoring disease outbreaks, and helps prevent the spread of infections within healthcare settings and communities. We developed a multi-layered, paper-based microfluidic and miniaturized electrophoresis system for rapid nucleic acid extraction, separation, amplification, and detection, designed for resource-limited settings.

A paper-based point-of-care device for the detection of cysteine using gold nanoparticles from whole blood.

We present a colorimetric probe based on polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped gold nanoparticles (PVP-AuNPs) that is sensitive and selective for cysteine (Cys). A microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PAD) with embedded dried PVP-AuNPs at the polyethersulfone (PES) paper surface is used for Cys detection. When thiol molecules attach to PVP-AuNPs in the presence of Cys, they clump together, and this causes the solution's color to shift from red to blue within 5 minutes.

Microfluidics-Based Nanobiosensors for Healthcare Monitoring.

Efficient healthcare management demands prompt decision-making based on fast diagnostics tools, astute data analysis, and informatics analysis. The rapid detection of analytes at the point of care is ensured using microfluidics in synergy with nanotechnology and biotechnology. The nanobiosensors use nanotechnology for testing, rapid disease diagnosis, monitoring, and management.

Bio-inspired self-pumping microfluidic device for cleaning of urea using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified polymeric nanohybrid membrane.

In vitro technology facilitates the replication of in vivo tissues more accurately than conventional cell-based artificial organs, enabling researchers to mimic both the structural and functional characteristics of natural systems. Here, we demonstrate a novel spiral-shaped self-pumping microfluidic device for the cleaning of urea by incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) modified a Polyethersulfone (PES) nanohybrid membrane for efficient filtration capacity. The spiral-shaped microfluidic chip is a two-layer configuration of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) integrated with the modified filtration membrane.

Recent advances in enzymatic biosensors for point-of-care detection of biomolecules.

Late state-of-the-art analytical methodologies in chromatography, spectroscopy, and electroanalysis have been developed to meet the challenges of changing environmental and health issues. The modern trends in developing new protocols emphasize economic, portable, nano, or even smaller sample sizes and less time-consuming processes. This has led to the development of technology-based biosensors which meet most of the above requirements.

Gold-nanoparticle-embedded microchannel array for enhanced power generation.

A high streaming potential and current were generated using a gold-nanoparticle-embedded patterned PDMS microchannel array. Gold nanoparticles with dimensions of ∼70 nm were prepared inside a hydrophobic patterned PDMS microchannel. The channel array was developed on a ridge-shaped patterned surface by performing soft lithography using UV-laser micromachining with a ridge spacing of 27.

Energy generation from water flow over a reduced graphene oxide surface in a paper-pencil device.

Energy generation using liquid movement over a graphene surface generally demands a very high rate of flow (e.g.∼100 ml min(-1)).

A paper based microfluidic device for easy detection of uric acid using positively charged gold nanoparticles.

A paper based microfluidic device is fabricated that can rapidly detect very low concentrations of uric acid (UA) using 3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl benzidine (TMB), H2O2 and positively charged gold nanoparticles ((+)AuNPs). In the presence of (+)AuNPs, H2O2 reacts with TMB to produce a bluish-green colour which becomes colourless on reaction with UA. This colorimetric method can detect as low as 8.

Controlled splitting and focusing of a stream of nanoparticles in a converging-diverging microchannel.

We demonstrate the potential of a converging-diverging microchannel to split a stream of nanoparticles towards the interfacial region of the dispersed and the carrier phases, introduced through the middle inlet and through the remaining two inlets respectively, while maintaining a low Reynolds number limit (<10) for the flow of both phases. In addition to the splitting of passive tracer particles, such as polystyrene beads as used herein, the present setup has the potential to be utilized for a controlled reaction and thereby the separation of products towards an intended location, as observed from the experimentation with silver-nanoparticles and hydrogen-peroxide solution. Moreover, the microscale dimension of the channel allows controlled deposition of the reaction product over the bottom surface of the channel, allowing the possibility of bottom-up fabrication of microscale features.

A paper based self-pumping and self-breathing fuel cell using pencil stroked graphite electrodes.

We develop a paper based fuel cell in which fluids flow through a capillary transport mechanism. The pencil stroked graphite electrodes take oxygen from quiescent air. This simple and efficient paper fuel cell can generate energy to the tune of 32 mW cm(-2) over a prolonged duration of around 1000 minutes, and with the consumption of a very low volume of formic acid as fuel (~1 mL).