Publications by authors named "Ravi Kumar"

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, has re-emerged as a significant global health concern, particularly during the widespread outbreak of 2022. As an orthopoxvirus related to the eradicated smallpox virus, mpox has been primarily managed with smallpox vaccines and treatments, including the antiviral agent Tecovirimat. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tecovirimat in treating mpox, focusing on its use during the 2022 outbreak, especially among high-risk populations, including men who have sex with men and people living with HIV.

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Background: Neurological disorders are a major global health concern, especially in BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), where demographic and socio-economic changes have amplified their impact. This study evaluates trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with neurological diseases in these countries from 1990 to 2021, focusing on sex disparities and key risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database.

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Purpose: The present study was carried out to evaluate the radioprotective activities of N-acetyl-L-tryptophan (L-NAT) using rodent and non-human primate (NHP) models.

Materials And Methods: The antagonistic effect of L-NAT on the Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor and substance P inhibition was determined using molecular docking and Elisa assays. The in radioprotective activity of L-NAT was evaluated using whole-body survival assays in mice and NHPs.

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Nees (Acanthaceae), an ayurvedic shrub, is used widely in respiratory disorders. The pharmacologically most studied phytoconstituent in is vasicine, a bitter quinazoline alkaloid present in leaves. A robust method was developed for the simultaneous quantification and analysis of two major alkaloids i.

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Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (QPCTL) is a newly discovered enzyme that has sparked interest owing to its possible role in cancer genesis and progression. Initially discovered as a post-translational modification regulator of protein maturation, QPCTL has emerged as a key participant in cancer biology. Recent research has linked QPCTL to numerous essential cancer-related processes, including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis.

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  • - The study discusses the creation of three indium complexes (1-3) using different chelating ligands (L1-L3), which were analyzed through multinuclear NMR and confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.
  • - Indium complex 1, when combined with phenylsilane and NaI, efficiently reduces nitroarenes into amines, achieving good yields.
  • - The reduction process is effective for nitroarenes with various functional groups under standard reaction conditions.
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Background: Metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEPNEN) can cause ectopic Cushing's syndrome (ECS). ECS is highly morbid and medical therapy is complex and can be ineffective. Patients unsuitable for bilateral adrenalectomy (BA) have dismal outcomes.

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Background: The study aims to explore the burden and trends of prostate cancer (PC) in India at the state level from 1990 to 2021, using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.

Methods: The health metrics including age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR), prevalence rates (ASPR), disability-adjusted life years (ASDR), and mortality rates (ASMR) per 100,000 for PC were analysed across Indian states and union territories. Join point regression analysis was employed to identify significant changes in these metrics over time.

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  • The outbreak of Monkeypox (Mpox), especially the clade 1b variant, has become a significant global health issue, particularly in Africa, which is experiencing ongoing epidemics that require urgent attention and study.
  • This research analyzes data from the most affected African countries, using time series techniques to predict Mpox trends and assess the growth in new cases from August 2023 to August 2024.
  • Results indicate a worrying upward trend in Mpox cases, with projections suggesting nearly 6,923 cumulative cases in about 65 weeks, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring and tailored public health responses to manage the outbreak effectively.
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  • A male child presented with developmental delay and distinct facial features including a uniquely shaped skull and specific ear and eyebrow characteristics.
  • The mobile app Face2Gene was utilized to analyze the child’s facial photos, indicating a strong possibility of KBG syndrome.
  • Confirmation of the diagnosis was achieved through exome sequencing, which identified a specific mutation linked to KBG syndrome.
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Initially, 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)di(sulfonic)pyridinium tetrachloroferrate (PDSPTCF) as a novel organic-inorganic hybrid salt was synthesized and identified by elemental mapping, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometry, and thermal gravimetric (TG) techniques. Then, the catalytic performance of this hybrid salt was assessed for the producing benzo[a]benzo[6,7]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazine derivatives via one-pot multicomponent domino reaction (MDR) of benzene-1,2-diamine, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione and aldehydes under optimal conditions (70 °C, solvent-free, 5 mol% PDSPTCF) in short reaction times and high yields. Highly efficacy of the PDSPTCF for the production of benzo[a]pyrano[2,3-c]phenazines can be assigned to the synergistic effect of Lewis and Brønsted acids, and having two positions of each acid (i.

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Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects millions worldwide, presenting challenges in managing symptoms and quality of life. Current treatments include topical corticosteroids (TCS), but novel approaches, such as Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, show promise. Baricitinib, a selective JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, targets cytokines involved in AD and offers potential benefits beyond traditional therapies.

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  • *Managing this condition involves balancing the preservation of bleb function with relieving symptoms, starting with intensive lubrication as the first-line treatment.
  • *In a reported case, surgical intervention was necessary due to ineffective conservative management; the successful treatment involved combined methods including compression sutures and conjunctivoplasty.*
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CAR T cell therapy has revolutionized how we deliver cancer treatment, most notably for hematologic cancers, by compelling T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells. Nevertheless, current obstacles to utilizing this therapy in solid tumors and overcoming cancer resistance include radicalization. This review discusses how CD95 modulation can boost CAR T cell efficacy.

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Aim: Oxidative stress, caused by postprandial activities, is a major global health issue causing chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer, and asthma. Therefore, it was envisaged to design and synthesize a series of substituted 4-hydroxypyridine-2(1 h)-ones in order to develop new molecules that can reduce oxidative stress and modulate α-amylase activity also.

Materials & Methods: An environmentally benign, solvent and catalyst free, natural product inspired synthesis of 4-hydroxypyridin-2(1 h)-one derivatives has been developed.

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  • People living with HIV (PLWH) face increased mortality risks from air pollution due to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, a link that has not been widely studied.
  • A systematic review analyzed nine studies, primarily from China, revealing that long-term exposure to pollutants like particulate matter significantly correlates with higher AIDS-related and overall mortality rates in PLWH, with certain populations being more susceptible.
  • The findings indicate that targeted interventions to lessen air pollution exposure could benefit vulnerable groups, emphasizing the need for further research in this area.
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic has had serious effects on maternal and neonatal health, prompting a systematic review to assess how it influences respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns from infected mothers.
  • The review analyzed 22 studies and found that 11.5% of newborns from COVID-19-positive mothers experienced RDS, with a risk ratio of 2.69 indicating a significantly higher risk compared to newborns from non-infected mothers.
  • The findings stress the importance of closely monitoring and managing pregnant women with COVID-19 to reduce potential health issues in their newborns.
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Cochlear implants (CIs) are a well-established treatment for severe to profound hearing loss, particularly in young children. The success of CIs is influenced by various factors, including the age of implantation and the quality and duration of post-operative rehabilitation, such as Auditory Verbal Therapy (AVT). AVT plays a crucial role in developing listening and spoken language skills in children with CIs.

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To know the clinical signs and radiological findings of different types of maxillofacial fractures following facial trauma in road traffic accidents. In this retrospective study, the medical records and computerized tomography scans of 100 patients who have sustained facial fractures in road traffic accident during 2021-2022 were reviewed at Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur; for maxillofacial fractures. Data was tabulated and statistically analysed using SPSS software version 21.

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  • E-cigarettes are becoming popular as a way for people to quit smoking, but there are concerns about their use alongside traditional cigarettes, particularly among pregnant women, who may face increased health risks.
  • A systematic review analyzed data from 18 studies involving nearly 6 million pregnant women, finding that 4.6% of them reported using both e-cigarettes and traditional tobacco.
  • The findings suggest that dual use is a significant health issue, highlighting the need for further research and public health measures to inform and protect pregnant women from the risks of tobacco.
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  • Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder linked to gluten intolerance that may affect cardiovascular health, with some studies suggesting a connection to myocardial infarction (MI), although results have been inconsistent.* -
  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of MI in adults with CD, using data from databases like PubMed and Web of Science, analyzed with R software.* -
  • The analysis found no significant association between CD and MI, but indicated high variability in study results, suggesting a need for more research on larger, more uniform samples to clarify potential cardiovascular risks for CD patients.*
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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with increased prevalence in individuals with chronic liver conditions and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have shown promise in diabetes management and may influence liver disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in reducing the risk of HCC in patients with T2DM.

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Synopsis of recent research by authors named "Ravi Kumar"

  • - Ravi Kumar's recent research focuses on various critical public health issues, including infectious diseases like tuberculosis and dengue, and their impact on cognitive health and cancer treatment strategies.
  • - He has conducted a regional analysis of tuberculosis burden in South Asia, evaluated the cognitive effects of dengue virus infection, and investigated the anticancer properties of genistein related to HPV oncogene expression.
  • - Additionally, Kumar's work extends to the exploration of epigenetic biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease, the safety of flu vaccines in young children, and innovative treatment approaches for prostate cancer and brucellosis in pediatric cases.