Efficacy of Baska mask as an alternative airway device to endotracheal tube in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgeries under controlled ventilation.

Background And Aims: Newer supraglottic devices with an additional gastric channel offer greater protection from aspiration and avoidance of laryngoscopy for their insertion would result in attenuated hemodynamic responses.The primary objective was to assess hemodynamic responses to insertion of Baska mask as compared to tracheal intubation. The time and attempts taken to secure airway and evidence of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents were also assessed.

Emergence and expansion of highly infectious spike protein D614G mutant SARS-CoV-2 in central India.

COVID-19 has emerged as global pandemic with largest damage to the public health, economy and human psyche.The genome sequence data obtained during the ongoing pandemic are valuable to understand the virus evolutionary patterns and spread across the globe. Increased availability of genome information of circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains in India will enable the scientific community to understand the emergence of new variants and their impact on human health.

Strategy for the Enrichment of Protein Biomarkers from Diverse Bacterial Select Agents.

Background: Some pathogenic bacteria can be potentially used for nefarious applications in the event of bioterrorism or biowarfare. Accurate identification of biological agent from clinical and diverse environmental matrices is of paramount importance for implementation of medical countermeasures and biothreat mitigation.

Objective: A novel methodology is reported here for the development of a novel enrichment strategy for the generally conserved abundant bacterial proteins for an accurate downstream species identification using tandem MS analysis in biothreat scenario.

Protein biomarker elucidation for the verification of biological agents in the taxonomic group of Gammaproteobacteria using tandem mass spectrometry.

Some pathogenic microbes can be used for nefarious applications and instigate population-based fear. In a bio-threat scenario, rapid and accurate methods to detect biological agents in a wide range of complex environmental and clinical matrices, is of paramount importance for the implementation of mitigation protocols and medical countermeasures. This study describes targeted and shot-gun tandem MS based approaches for the verification of biological agents from the environmental samples.

Putative serum protein biomarkers for epsilon toxin exposure in mouse model using LC-MS/MS analysis.

Epsilon toxin (ETX), produced by Clostridium perfringens Type B or type D strains, is a potential biological and toxin warfare (BTW) agent, largely for its very high toxicity. The toxin is implicated in several animal diseases. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we report here elucidation of putative serum maker proteins for ETX exposure with an objective of the early diagnosis of intoxication.

Elucidation of protein biomarkers for verification of selected biological warfare agents using tandem mass spectrometry.

Some pathogens and toxins have the potential to be used as weapons of mass destruction and instigate population-based fear. Efforts to mitigate biothreat require development of efficient countermeasures which in turn relies on fast and accurate methods to detect the biological agents in a range of complex matrices including environmental and clinical samples. We report here an mass spectrometry (MS) based methodology, employing both targeted and shot-gun approaches for the verification of biological agents from the environmental samples.

Elucidation of protein biomarkers in plasma and urine for epsilon toxin exposure in mouse model.

Epsilon toxin (ETX) is the major virulence determinant of C. perfringens type B or type D strains, causing diseases in animals, besides being a listed biological and toxin warfare (BTW) agent. Keeping in mind the high lethality and the rapid onset of clinical manifestations, early diagnosis of epsilon toxin exposure is of paramount importance for implementation of appropriate medical countermeasures.

Postexposure Recovery and Analysis of Biological Agent in a Simulated Biothreat Scenario Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Some pathogens and toxins have the potential to be used as weapons of mass destruction and instigate population-based fear. Rapid, sensitive, and unambiguous identification of biothreat agents is of paramount importance for confirmation of the event and to mitigate the direct and indirect damages to public health and resources. Although there are several potential dissemination scenarios to describe an attack with a biological weapon, artificially generated bioaerosol is of the greatest concern from a bioterrorism or warfare perspective, potentially capable of causing mass destruction to a civilian or military population by inhalation of toxic bioaerosol.

Effect of continuous sub-culturing on infectivity of Clostridium perfringens ATCC13124 in mouse gas gangrene model.

Clostridium perfringens is a Validated Biological Agent and a pathogen of medical, veterinary, and military significance. Gas gangrene is the most destructive of all the clostridial diseases and is caused by C. perfringens type A strains wherein the infection spreads quickly (several inches per hour) with production of gas.

Comparative analysis of extractable proteins from Clostridium perfringens type A and type C strains showing varying degree of virulence.

The prevailing scenario of bioterrorism warrants development of medical countermeasures with expanded coverage of select agents. Clostridium perfringens is a pathogen of medical, veterinary and military importance, and has been listed as Validated Biological Agent. We employed 2DE-MS approach to identify a total of 134 unique proteins (529 protein spot features) from the extractable proteome of four type A and type C strains.

Lipoproteins from Clostridium perfringens and their protective efficacy in mouse model.

Clostridium perfringens is an obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium and etiological agent for several diseases in humans and animals. The pathogen has been listed as Validated Biological Agent and warrants development of medical countermeasures. The homologs of some of the lipoproteins identified from various fractions of C.

Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: The Millennium Declaration in 2000 brought special global attention to HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria through the formulation of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 6. The Global Burden of Disease 2013 study provides a consistent and comprehensive approach to disease estimation for between 1990 and 2013, and an opportunity to assess whether accelerated progress has occured since the Millennium Declaration.

Methods: To estimate incidence and mortality for HIV, we used the UNAIDS Spectrum model appropriately modified based on a systematic review of available studies of mortality with and without antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: The fifth Millennium Development Goal (MDG 5) established the goal of a 75% reduction in the maternal mortality ratio (MMR; number of maternal deaths per 100,000 livebirths) between 1990 and 2015. We aimed to measure levels and track trends in maternal mortality, the key causes contributing to maternal death, and timing of maternal death with respect to delivery.

Methods: We used robust statistical methods including the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) to analyse a database of data for 7065 site-years and estimate the number of maternal deaths from all causes in 188 countries between 1990 and 2013.

Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: Remarkable financial and political efforts have been focused on the reduction of child mortality during the past few decades. Timely measurements of levels and trends in under-5 mortality are important to assess progress towards the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4) target of reduction of child mortality by two thirds from 1990 to 2015, and to identify models of success.

Methods: We generated updated estimates of child mortality in early neonatal (age 0-6 days), late neonatal (7-28 days), postneonatal (29-364 days), childhood (1-4 years), and under-5 (0-4 years) age groups for 188 countries from 1970 to 2013, with more than 29,000 survey, census, vital registration, and sample registration datapoints.

Diversity and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of cultivable anaerobic bacteria from soil and sewage samples of India.

Soil and sewage act as a reservoir of animal pathogens and their dissemination to animals profoundly affects the safety of our food supply. Moreover, acquisition and further spread of antibiotic resistance determinants among pathogenic bacterial populations is the most relevant problem for the treatment of infectious diseases. Bacterial strains from soil and sewage are a potential reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes.

Comparative proteomic analysis of extracellular proteins of Clostridium perfringens type A and type C strains.

Clostridium perfringens is a medically important clostridial pathogen and an etiological agent causing several diseases in humans and animals. C. perfringens and its toxins have been listed as potential biological and toxin warfare (BTW) agents; thus, efforts to develop strategies for detection and protection are warranted.

Differential proteomic analysis of Clostridium perfringens ATCC13124; identification of dominant, surface and structure associated proteins.

Background: Clostridium perfringens is a medically important clostridial pathogen causing diseases in man and animals. To invade, multiply and colonize tissues of the host, a pathogen must be able to evade host immune system, and obtain nutrients essential for growth. The factors involved in these complex processes are largely unknown and of crucial importance to understanding microbial pathogenesis.