Sex, gender identity and women's health research and equality: An urgent need for clarity of language and accurate data collection.

Background: With the rise in salience of the concept of gender identity, changes are being made to language and data collection with major implications for women's health research and equality. Specifically, language referring to women is being desexed and data collection on sex diminishing. In 2023, Australia's National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) undertook public consultations on two draft guidance documents discussing use of the words 'woman'/'women' when describing the involvement of pregnant women in research, and sex and gender identity data collection.

Gaawaadhi Gadudha: exploring how cultural camps support health and wellbeing among Aboriginal adults in New South Wales Australia, a qualitative study.

Background: Culture and its practice is a recognised, but not well understood factor, in Aboriginal health and wellbeing. Our study aimed to explore how health and wellbeing are phenomenologically connected to cultural practices, foods, medicines, languages, and Country, through the platform of 'on-Country' camps facilitated by Aboriginal cultural knowledge holders in NSW, Australia.

Methods: Our study is based on a collaboration between knowledge holders from freshwater and saltwater cultures, and Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal researchers.

Association of housing status and cancer diagnosis, care coordination and outcomes in a public hospital: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Cancer is a leading cause of death in unhoused adults. We sought to examine the association between housing status, stage at diagnosis and all-cause survival following cancer diagnosis at a public hospital.

Design: Retrospective cohort study examining new cancer diagnoses between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2021.

2023 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on Precision Emergency Medicine: Development of a policy-relevant, patient-centered research agenda.

Objectives: Precision medicine is data-driven health care tailored to individual patients based on their unique attributes, including biologic profiles, disease expressions, local environments, and socioeconomic conditions. Emergency medicine (EM) has been peripheral to the precision medicine discourse, lacking both a unified definition of precision medicine and a clear research agenda. We convened a national consensus conference to build a shared mental model and develop a research agenda for precision EM.

Antipsychotic prescribing patterns in children and adolescents attending Australian general practice in 2011 and 2017.

Background: Antipsychotics are increasingly prescribed to children and adolescents worldwide, but little is known about reasons for prescribing. We aimed to examine patterns of paediatric antipsychotic prescribing in Australian primary care services in 2011 and 2017, including diagnoses, sociodemographic characteristics, off-label prescribing, and psychotropic co-prescribing.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHRs) using a large Australian general practice database (MedicineInsight).

Incidence of Fit Test Failure During N95 Respirator Reuse and Extended Use.

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a widespread acute shortage of N95 respirators, prompting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop guidelines for extended use and limited reuse of N95s for health care workers (HCWs). While HCWs followed these guidelines to conserve N95s, evidence from clinical settings regarding the safety of reuse and extended use is limited.

Objective: To measure the incidence of fit test failure during N95 reuse and compare the incidence between N95 types.

Gaawaadhi Gadudha: understanding how cultural camps impact health, well-being and resilience among Aboriginal adults in New South Wales, Australia-a collaborative study protocol.

Introduction: The health and well-being of Aboriginal Australians is inextricably linked to culture and Country. Our study challenges deficit approaches to health inequities by seeking to examine how cultural connection, practice and resilience among Aboriginal peoples through participation in 'cultural camps' held on sites of cultural significance promotes health and well-being.

Methods And Analysis: The study will be undertaken in close collaboration and under the governance of traditional cultural knowledge holders from Yuwaalaraay, Gamilaraay and Yuin nation groups in New South Wales, Australia.

Treatment guesses in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study: Accuracy, unblinding and influence on outcomes.

Objective: We evaluated the presence and impact of unblinding during the influential Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006286).

Method: Our analysis was part of a Restoring Invisible and Abandoned Trials reanalysis.

Dispensing of psychotropic medications to Australian children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2013-2021: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine longitudinal patterns of dispensing of antidepressant, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, psychostimulant, and hypnotic/sedative medications to children and adolescents in Australia during 2013-2021.

Design: Retrospective cohort study; analysis of 10% random sample of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dispensing data.

Participants, Setting: People aged 18 years or younger dispensed PBS-subsidised psychotropic medications in Australia, 2013-2021.

Advance Care Planning Among Patients With Advanced Illness Presenting to the Emergency Department.

Background: Advance care planning (ACP) benefits emergency department (ED) patients with advanced illness. Although Medicare implemented physician reimbursement for ACP discussions in 2016, early studies found limited uptake.

Objective: We conducted a pilot study to assess ACP documentation and billing to inform the development of ED-based interventions to increase ACP.

Microbial influence on dolomite and authigenic clay mineralisation in dolocrete profiles of NW Australia.

Dolomite (CaMg(CO ) ) precipitation is kinetically inhibited at surface temperatures and pressures. Experimental studies have demonstrated that microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as well as certain clay minerals may catalyse dolomite precipitation. However, the combined association of EPS with clay minerals and dolomite and their occurrence in the natural environment are not well documented.

Hospital variability in adoption of alcohol and drug screening in adult trauma patients.

Background: Despite recommendations to screen all injured patients for substance use, single-center studies have reported underscreening. This study sought to determine if there was significant practice variability in adoption of alcohol and drug screening of injured patients among hospitals participating in the Trauma Quality Improvement Program.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cross-sectional study of trauma patients 18 years or older in Trauma Quality Improvement Program 2017-2018.

Organic preservation of vase-shaped microfossils from the late Tonian Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA.

Vase-shaped microfossils (VSMs) are found globally in middle Neoproterozoic (800-730 Ma) marine strata and represent the earliest evidence for testate (shell-forming) amoebozoans. VSM tests are hypothesized to have been originally organic in life but are most commonly preserved as secondary mineralized casts and molds. A few reports, however, suggest possible organic preservation.

A Case Report of Treatment-Resistant Agitation in Dementia With Lewy Bodies: Medical Marijuana as an Alternative to Antipsychotics.

Palliative care teams are often consulted to assist in treating persistent dementia-related behavioral issues. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) offers an alternative to traditional antipsychotic drugs in the long-term management of dementia with behavioral change. We present the case of an 85-year-old man with dementia with Lewy bodies with worsening aggression refractory to antipsychotic management.

Palliative care reduces emergency room visits and total hospital days among patients with metastatic HPB and GI cancers.

Palliative care services (PCS) have improved quality of life for patients across various cancer subtypes. Minimal data exists regarding PCSfor metastatic hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We assessed the impact of PCS on emergency department visits, hospital admissions, and survival among these patients.

Cluster Analysis of the Highest Users of Medical, Behavioral Health, and Social Services in San Francisco.

Background: In the City and County of San Francisco, frequent users of emergent and urgent services across different settings (i.e., medical, mental health (MH), substance use disorder (SUD) services) are referred to as high users of multiple systems (HUMS).

Implementation of a Leave-behind Naloxone Program in San Francisco: A One-year Experience.

Introduction: In response to the ongoing opioid overdose crisis, US officials urged the expansion of access to naloxone for opioid overdose reversal. Since then, emergency medical services' (EMS) dispensing of naloxone kits has become an emerging harm reduction strategy.

Methods: We created a naloxone training and low-barrier distribution program in San Francisco: Project FRIEND (First Responder Increased Education and Naloxone Distribution).

Referral Patterns of Outpatient Palliative Care among the Head and Neck Cancer Population.

 Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) experience unique physical and psychosocial challenges that impact their health and quality of life. Early implementation of palliative care has been shown to improve various health care outcomes.  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the patterns of referral of patients with HNC to outpatient palliative care as they relate to utilization of resources and end-of-life discussions.

Extended-Release Naltrexone and Case Management for Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder in the Emergency Department.

Study Objective: To assess the feasibility of initiating treatment for alcohol use disorder with extended-release naltrexone and case management services in the emergency department (ED) and measure the intervention's impact on daily alcohol consumption and quality of life.

Methods: This is a 12-week prospective open-label single-arm study of a multimodal treatment for alcohol use disorder consisting of monthly extended-release naltrexone injections and case management services initiated at an urban academic ED. Participants were actively drinking adult patients in ED with known or suspected alcohol use disorder and an AUDIT-C score more than 4.

Analysis of Emergency Department Encounters Among High Users of Health Care and Social Service Systems Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Although the general US population had fewer emergency department (ED) visits during the COVID-19 pandemic, patterns of use among high users are unknown.

Objectives: To examine natural trends in ED visits among high users of health and social services during an extended period and assess whether these trends differed during COVID-19.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study combined data from 9 unique cohorts, 1 for each fiscal year (July 1 to June 30) from 2012 to 2021, and used mixed-effects, negative binomial regression to model ED visits over time and assess ED use among the top 5% of high users of multiple systems during COVID-19.