Prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy from primary tumour characteristics.

Objectives: To construct and externally calibrate a predictive model for early biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) incorporating clinical and modern imaging characteristics of the primary tumour.

Patients And Methods: Patients who underwent RP following multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate biopsy and prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT), from two centres in Australia and the Netherlands. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS), where BCR was defined as a rising PSA level of ≥0.

UrethroNAV: the aetiology and extent of idiopathic urethral stricture in an Australian population.

Background: Lichen sclerosus (LS) is considered a causative factor in 10% of cases of idiopathic urethral stricture disease (IUSD), which is important for determining management strategies due to the underlying pathophysiology. Traditional excision urethroplasty may not be effective as inflammation often extends beyond the macroscopic stricture. This pilot study aims to answer two research questions: is LS an underlying cause of some idiopathic cause of strictures, and, if there is histological evidence suggesting predisposition of the surrounding tissue to strictures.

The Role of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Primary Staging of Selected Renal Tumours: Initial Experience in a Multicentre Cohort.

Background: Accurate primary staging of renal cancer with conventional imaging is challenging. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may serve to improve the accuracy of renal cancer staging.

Objective: To determine clinicopathological and management differences for primary renal cancer staged with PSMA PET/CT in comparison to conventional imaging.

Paediatric xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with reno-psoas fistula, psoas abscess and migration of renal calculi.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous tissue replacing renal parenchyma, primarily in adults. It's often linked to chronic obstruction, urolithiasis, and pyelonephritis, with rare associations with psoas abscess or fistula. A 15-year-old girl, initially treated conservatively for suspected pyelonephritis, underwent CT imaging due to non-response.

Clinical impact of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography (PET) on intensification or deintensification of advanced renal cell carcinoma management.

Purpose: There is an emerging role of the use of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in renal cell carcinoma. Herein, we report our experience in use of PSMA PET in recurrent or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent PSMA PET for suspected recurrent or de-novo metastatic RCC between 2015 and 2020 at three institutions was performed.

Characterization of tumor thrombus in renal cell carcinoma with prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT).

Introduction: Venous tumor thrombus (TT) occurs as part of the natural history of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) local progression in a small minority of cases. MRI is currently the most accurate imaging modality for determining TT extent. PSMA PET/CT may improve RCC staging and IVC TT characterization.

Primary tumour PSMA intensity is an independent prognostic biomarker for biochemical recurrence-free survival following radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: The prognostic value of PSMA intensity on PSMA PET/CT due to underlying biology and subsequent clinical implications is an emerging topic of interest. We sought to investigate whether primary tumour PSMA PET intensity contributes to pre- and post-operative prediction of oncological outcomes following radical prostatectomy.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 848 men who underwent all of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), transperineal prostate biopsy, and  Ga-PSMA PET/CT prior to radical prostatectomy.

Redo pelvic fracture urethral injury repair: The case for tadalafil.

Objective: To define the role of tadalafil in improving outcomes of redo urethroplasty for pelvic fracture urethral injury (PFUI). PFUI is common in developing countries, invariably as a result of road traffic trauma. Repair is complex, and redo cases are even more challenging.

The role of dual tracer PSMA and FDG PET/CT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to conventional imaging: A multi-institutional case series with intra-individual comparison.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to perform an intra-individual dual tracer comparison of Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) computed tomography (CT)/Positron Emission Tomography (PET) against standard of care (SOC) imaging for the characterisation, staging and restaging of renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods: A multicentre retrospective cohort study was performed at 3 major tertiary referral institutions in Brisbane, Australia between 2015 and 2020. All patients who underwent both PSMA and FDG PET/CT following SOC imaging for investigation of RCC were identified.

Findings in 1,123 Men with Preoperative Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared to Totally Embedded Radical Prostatectomy Histopathology: Implications for the Diagnosis and Management of Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) fails to identify some men with significant prostate cancer. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (PSMA PET/CT) is recommended for staging of prostate cancer, but its additional benefit above mpMRI alone in local evaluation for prostate cancer is unclear. The study aim was to evaluate the ability of mpMRI and PSMA PET/CT individually and in combination, to predict tumor location and Gleason score ≥3+4 on robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) histology.

Lichen sclerosus presenting as an isolated bulbar urethral stricture.

Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the anogenital skin that can cause significant urinary and sexual dysfunction in men, particularly by means of destructive urethral disease. LS is traditionally thought to progress from the meatus with migration along the urethra proximally, however we present a case describing an isolated bulbar urethral stricture secondary to LS. To our knowledge, this has only been reported in the literature in one previous study.

Histological findings of totally embedded robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) specimens in 1197 men with a negative (low risk) preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) prostate lobe and clinical implications.

Background: Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has become a popular initial investigation of an elevated PSA and is being incorporated into active surveillance protocols. Decisions on prostate cancer investigation and management based solely on a normal mpMRI remains controversial. Histopathological findings of a totally embedded normal mpMRI lobe are rarely described.

Histological comparison between predictive value of preoperative 3-T multiparametric MRI and Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for pathological outcomes at radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and a gallium-68 prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( Ga-PSMA PET/CT) scan to predict pathological outcomes and also identify a group of men with a <5% risk of histological pelvic lymph node metastasis (LNM) at pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) performed during a robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) for prostate cancer. We then aimed to compare these results to known risk calculators for LNM, including the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC) and Briganti nomograms.

Patients And Methods: Between July 2014 and September 2019 only men who had both a preoperative mpMRI and staging Ga-PSMA PET/CT at our institution followed by a RALP with PLND referred to a single specialist uropathology laboratory were considered for inclusion.

The use of Ga-PET/CT PSMA to determine patterns of disease for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer following primary radiotherapy.

Background: Ga-PET/CT PSMA scan is being increasingly used for the staging of biochemically recurrent disease. Early identification of recurrent disease after radiotherapy is important in considering suitability for early salvage therapy to improve prognosis. The aim is to identify patterns of suspected prostate cancer recurrence in relation to post-radiotherapy PSA levels, especially below the accepted Phoenix definition of PSA failure (PSA nadir + 2).

The use of Ga-PET/CT PSMA in the staging of primary and suspected recurrent renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: The role of Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the staging of prostate cancer is well known. PSMA is also overexpressed in the neovasculature of other tumours including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), suggesting there may be a role for the use of Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Thus far, there has been limited literature documenting the use of Ga-PSMA PET/CT in the investigation and management decisions of RCC.

Risk of metastatic disease on gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan for primary staging of 1253 men at the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Objective: To determine the number of men with gallium-prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( Ga-PSMA PET/CT) avid metastasis at diagnosis, as most data on Ga-PSMA PET/CT are for the evaluation of recurrent disease after primary treatment and to our knowledge this study is the largest series of primary prostate cancer staging with Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective review conducted on 1253 consecutive men referred by urologists or radiation oncologists to our tertiary referral centre for Ga-PSMA PET/CT scan for staging at the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer between July 2014 and June 2018. The primary outcome measure was to determine the risk of metastasis based on Ga-PSMA PET/CT.

Outcomes of Primary Lymph Node Staging of Intermediate and High Risk Prostate Cancer with Ga-PSMA Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography Compared to Histological Correlation of Pelvic Lymph Node Pathology.

Purpose: The majority of men who undergo pelvic lymph node dissection at radical prostatectomy have benign lymph node histology. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of preoperative Ga-PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen) positron emission tomography/computerized tomography to predict histological metastasis on pelvic lymph node dissection performed during radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of preoperative staging Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography/computerized tomography to identify histological lymph node metastasis in 208 consecutive men who subsequently proceeded with pelvic lymph node dissection at radical prostatectomy.

Dynamic compression inhibits fibronectin fragment induced iNOS and COX-2 expression in chondrocyte/agarose constructs.

Mechanical loading and the fibronectin fragments (FN-fs) are known to stimulate the anabolic and catabolic processes in articular cartilage, possible through pathways mediated by *NO. This study examined the combined effects of dynamic compression and the NH(2)-hep I or COOH-hep II FN-fs on the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 and production of *NO and PGE(2) release. Both types of fragments induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and stimulated the production of *NO release.