Impact of Locum Tenens Providers on Delivery of Pediatric Surgical Care.

Introduction: We sought to understand the impact of locum tenens surgeons on pediatric surgical care delivery.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Children's Hospital Association pediatric surgical practices. Anonymous electronic surveys were used to investigate locum tenens utilization, primary reason for use, limitations on clinical activities, and variations in practice standards or quality.

Older Children Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair Have Higher Recurrence Rates Than Younger Children and Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: High ligation is the standard practice for inguinal hernia repair in children while adults undergo a floor repair. There is limited data to guide recommendations on the age at which floor repair should be considered. This is a hypothesis-generating study to understand the correlation of age and other factors with inguinal hernia recurrence in children.

Roflumilast mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating TNF-α/TNFR1/TNFR2/Fas/Caspase mediated apoptosis and inflammatory signals.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of roflumilast on modulating TNF-α/Caspase mediated cellular signals in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Methods: The rats (Male Wistar) were divided into five groups: normal control, disease control (cisplatin: 7 mg/kg i.p.

A Retrospective Nationwide Comparison of Laparoscopic vs Open Inguinal Hernia Repair in Children.

Background: Utilization of the laparoscopic approach for inguinal hernia repair has increased significantly over the past decade. The purpose of this study is to compare rates of second hernia operation and same side recurrence following open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in a large national cohort.

Methods: This retrospective analysis utilized the Pediatric Health Information System database to identify children <18 years-old who underwent laparoscopic or open primary inguinal hernia repair from 2017 to 2021.

Synergistic Effect of Cytochrome P450 Family 3 Subfamily A Member 5 ( Genetic Variants in Tacrolimus Dose Determination in Indian Renal Transplant Patients.

Tacrolimus (TAC) has a narrow therapeutic index and shows interindividual variabilities in its blood concentration. Although guidelines recommend a genetic variant (rs776746) to determine the optimized TAC dose, discrepancies in accuracy have been noted. Therefore, studying other variants of may improve the accuracy of the TAC dose.

Advancing against drug-resistant tuberculosis: an extensive review, novel strategies and patent landscape.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) represents a pressing global health issue, leading to heightened morbidity and mortality. Despite extensive research efforts, the escalation of DR-TB cases underscores the urgent need for enhanced prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. This review delves deep into the molecular and genetic origins of different types of DR-TB, highlighting recent breakthroughs in detection and diagnosis, including Rapid Diagnostic Tests like Xpert Ultra, Whole Genome Sequencing, and AI-based tools along with latest viewpoints on diagnosis and treatment of DR-TB utilizing newer and repurposed drug molecules.

Trends and Outcomes in Elective Pediatric Surgery During Weekends.

Purpose: Limited operating room availability constrains hospital scheduling capacity for elective surgical cases. Leveraging weekends for elective surgical cases could increase operative capacity but must be balanced with practical considerations. Our study aimed to characterize trends and outcomes for elective pediatric surgeries performed during weekends.

Effect of Kono-S anastomosis on reducing postoperative recurrence rates in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Kono-S anastomosis has gained increasing interest although evaluation of its impact on reducing Crohn's recurrence shows conflicting results. This study aimed to evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes for patients with Crohn's disease requiring surgery with Kono-S compared to conventional anastomosis.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis included patients with Crohn's disease treated with bowel resection and Kono-S anastomosis reconstruction versus a comparator arm of conventional anastomosis technique.

Hematological Complications From Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR): Recognition and Treatment.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a pivotal intervention for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at high or prohibitive surgical risk. Although TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure, it is linked to serious hematological problems, most notably thrombosis and bleeding. Numerous factors, such as procedural features, patient comorbidities, and anticoagulation management techniques, contribute to these complications.

Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Predominance, Child Opportunity, and Violence-Related Mortality among Children and Adolescents in Chicago.

Our objective was to determine whether Child Opportunity Index (COI), a measure of neighborhood socioeconomic and built environment specific to children, mediated the relationship of census tract Black or Hispanic predominance with increased rates of census tract violence-related mortality. The hypothesis was that COI would partially mediate the relationship. This cross-sectional study combined data from the American Community Survey 5-year estimates, the COI 2.

Journey Through Autosomal-Recessive Spastic Ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay: Insights From a Case Series of Seven Patients-A Single-Center Study and Review of an Indian Cohort.

Objective: In this study, we describe the clinical and investigative profiles of 7 cases of autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS).

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of genetically proven cases of ARSACS from our database. Additionally, we reviewed the literature for reported cases of ARSACS from India.

Fidelity of Enhanced Recovery Protocol Implementation With Assessment of Hospital-Specific Materials.

Introduction: Variability in implementation of enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) often reduces the effects of an intervention on clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate hospital-level implementation fidelity to a pediatric gastrointestinal surgery ERP by assessing site-specific implementation materials.

Methods: This document analysis study operationalized implementation fidelity as adherence to the creation of specified materials at each study site.

Complication Timing, Failure to Rescue, and Readmission After Inpatient Pediatric Surgery.

Background: Complications are associated with postoperative mortality and readmission. However, the timing of complications relative to discharge and the extent to which timing is associated with failure to rescue (FTR) and readmission after pediatric surgery is unknown. Our goal was to describe the timing of complications relative to discharge after inpatient pediatric surgery and determine the association between complication timing, FTR, and unplanned readmission.

Anastomotic leak rate following the implementation of a powered circular stapler in elective colorectal surgeries: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the anastomotic leak rates between powered and manual circular staplers in elective left-sided colorectal resections.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of elective left-sided colorectal resections before and after implementation of a powered circular stapler at a tertiary care center was conducted. The manual stapler group consisted of consecutive resections performed between January 2016 to December 2016 and the powered stapler group, between September 2021 and December 2022.

Assessing national trends in indications for pediatric total thyroidectomy.

Purpose: The most common indications for total thyroidectomy (TT) in children are malignancy and thyrotoxicosis due to Graves' disease (GD). However, the incidence of patients with GD among patients undergoing TT is unknown. This study aims to examine trends in pediatric TT.

GNN Codon Adjacency Tunes Protein Translation.

The central dogma treats the ribosome as a molecular machine that reads one mRNA codon at a time as it adds each amino acid to its growing peptide chain. However, this and previous studies suggest that ribosomes actually perceive pairs of adjacent codons as they take three-nucleotide steps along the mRNA. We examined GNN codons, which we find are surprisingly overrepresented in eukaryote protein-coding open reading frames (ORFs), especially immediately after NNU codons.