Electron transfer across modular oligo-p-phenylene bridges in Ru(bpy)2(bpy-ph(n)-DQ)4+ (n = 1-5) dyads. Unusual effects of bridge elongation.

A series of dyads of general formula Ru(bpy)(2)(bpy-ph(n)-DQ)(4+) (n = 1-5), based on a Ru(II) polypyridine unit as photoexcitable donor, a set of oligo-p-phenylene bridges with 1-5 modular units, and a cyclo-diquaternarized 2,2'-bipyridine (DQ(2+)) as electron acceptor unit, have been synthesized. Their spectroscopic and photophysical properties have been investigated in CH(3)CN and CH(2)Cl(2) by time-resolved emission and absorption spectroscopy in the nanosecond and picosecond time scale. The experimental study has also been complemented with a computational investigation carried out on the whole series of dyads.

Hole-transfer dyads and triads based on perylene monoimide, quaterthiophene, and extended tetrathiafulvalene.

Two families of dyad and triad systems based on perylene monoimide (PMI), quaterthiophene (QT), and 9,10-bis(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-9,10-dihydroanthracene (extended tetrathiafulvalene, exTTF) molecular components have been designed and synthesized. The dyads (D1 and D2) are of the PMI-QT type and the triads (T1 and T2) of the PMI-QT-exTTF type. The two families differ in the saturated or unsaturated nature of the linker groups (ethynylene in D1 and T1, ethylene in D2 and T2) that bridge the molecular components.

Triplet pathways in diarylethene photochromism: photophysical and computational study of dyads containing ruthenium(II) polypyridine and 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzothiophene-3-yl)maleimide units.

A 1,2-bis(2-methylbenzothiophene-3-yl)maleimide model ( DAE) and two dyads in which this photochromic unit is coupled, via a direct nitrogen-carbon bond ( Ru-DAE) or through an intervening methylene group ( Ru-CH 2-DAE ), to a ruthenium polypyridine chromophore have been synthesized. The photochemistry and photophysics of these systems have been thoroughly characterized in acetonitrile by a combination of stationary and time-resolved (nano- and femtosecond) spectroscopic methods. The diarylethene model DAE undergoes photocyclization by excitation at 448 nm, with 35% photoconversion at stationary state.

Quality in emergency departments: a study on 3,285,440 admissions.

Introduction: A multi-centre study has been conducted, during 2005, by means of a questionnaire posted on the Italian Society of Emergency Medicine (SIMEU) web page. Our intention was to carry out an organisational and functional analysis of Italian Emergency Departments (ED) in order to pick out some macro-indicators of the activities performed. Participation was good, in that 69 ED (3,285,440 admissions to emergency services) responded to the questionnaire.

Analysis of the causal factors of prolonged mechanical ventilation after orthotopic liver transplant.

Background: Prolonged mechanical ventilation and the consequently long stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) appear to be important infection risk factors in patients undergoing liver transplant.

Methods: We analyzed the data relating to 70 liver transplants performed on 67 patients during the past year's activities. For each patient we have considered the presence of preoperative pulmonary alterations, the first radiological result of the postoperative thorax, the PaO(2)/FiO(2) ratio recorded in the peroperative phase immediately after induction of general anesthesia (T0), and arrival at the ICU at the end of the operation (T1).

[Role of the Department of Emergency in the application of the MD 388/03: aid, treatment and prevention].

The aid happens behind call of national the only number for the sanitary emergency: 118. The times of Aid you flavored yourself and indicates to you from the Institutions, regarding the moment of call, previews the arrival of a aid characterized within 8 minuteren for the area to high inhabited density and within 20 minuteren for the areas to lowland density. The Means breakup of Aid near yards with particular infortunistico risk, is possible, and case for case must be estimated: the demand must be placed to the responsible of It centers them Operating 118.

Primary photoinduced processes in bimetallic dyads with extended aromatic bridges. tetraazatetrapyridopentacene complexes of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II).

The photophysics of the binuclear complexes [(phen)2M(tatpp)M(phen)2]4+, where M = Ru or Os, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, and tatpp = 9,11,20,22-tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2-a:2'3'-c:3'',2''-l:2''',3''']pentacene, has been studied in acetonitrile and dichloromethane by femtosecond and nanosecond time-resolved techniques. The results demonstrate that complexes of different metals have different types of lowest excited state: a tatpp ligand-centered (LC) triplet in the case of Ru(II); a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) triplet state in the case of Os(II). The excited-state kinetics is strongly solvent-dependent.

Iridium cyclometalated complexes with axial symmetry: time-dependent density functional theory investigation of trans-bis-cyclometalated complexes containing the tridentate ligand 2,6-diphenylpyridine.

A new series of iridium cyclometalated complexes with a C/N/C dppy-type ligand and a N/N/N tpy-type ligand have been synthesized and characterized by various techniques such as mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, cyclic voltammetry, both steady-state and time-resolved emission and absorption studies, and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations. The complexes exhibit strong visible absorptions and long-lived (1.6-2.

Iridium cyclometalated complexes with axial symmetry. Synthesis and photophysical properties of a trans-biscyclometalated complex containing the terdentate ligand 2,6-diphenylpyridine.

The first example of an iridium biscyclometalated complex with a C wedge N wedge C 2,6-diphenylpyridine (dppy)-type ligand, [(4'-(4-bromophenyl)-2:2',6':2' '-terpyridine)Ir(2,6-diphenyl-4-(4-tolyl)pyridine)](NO(3)) (1), has been synthesized and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and both steady-state and time-resolved emission and absorption studies. Preliminary density functional theory calculations have also been conducted. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n.

Localization of Neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive structures in the brain of the pejerrey, Odontesthes bonariensis (Teleostei, Atheriniformes).

The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) immunoreactive neurons and fibres in the brain and pituitary of Odontesthes bonariensis by immunohistochemical methods. A wide distribution of immunoreactive NPY (ir-NPY) cells and fibres in the forebrain and midbrain was observed. A prominent ir-NPY nucleus was found in the ventral telencephalon and other ir-NPY cells groups were recognized at the dorso-medial telencephalon.

Ovarian follicle ultrastructure in the teleost Synbranchus marmoratus (Bloch, 1795), with special reference to the vitelline envelope development.

Synbranchus marmoratus is a protogynous diandric teleost fish widely distributed throughout South America. The aim of this work was to study the ultrastructure of the vitelline envelope and the relationship among oocyte and their follicular cells during oogenesis. During perinucleolar stage, the oocyte and the follicular cells form microvillar processes that project into the perivitelline space.

Melanin-concentrating hormone system in the brain and skin of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus: anatomical localization, ontogeny and distribution in comparison to alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-expressing cells.

Distribution and development of the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system were examined by immunocytochemistry of the brain, pituitary gland and skin of the South American cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. In adults, the most prominent group of MCH-ir perikarya was located in the nucleus lateralis tuberis (NLT). Outside the NLT, in the posterior hypothalamic region, a group of small neurons was found between the third ventricle and the lateral ventricular recess with delicate immunoreactive fibers that did not seem to contribute to the pituitary innervation.

Ontogeny and distribution of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal systems in the brain of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus.

Using immunocytochemistry we have described the distribution and ontogeny of three distinct gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neural systems, emphasizing the analysis during the period of sex differentiation in the South American cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. In the forebrain a group of neurones immunoreactive to salmon GnRH that formed clusters in the nucleus olfacto retinalis (NOR), was located at the junction of the olfactory bulb and the telencephalon. These neurones differentiated 3 days after fertilization from the olfactory placodes.

Ontogeny of immunoreactive somatolactin, prolactin and growth hormone secretory cells in the developing pituitary gland of Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Perciformes).

Prolactin, growth hormone and somatolactin constitute a hormone family because they are structurally related and are secreted by acidophilic cells of different regions of the adenohypohyisis. In this work, we report the ontogeny of ir-prolactin, ir-growth hormone and ir-somatolactin cells in the developing pituitary gland of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei; Perciformes). Antisera raised against fish pituitary hormones were used.