Nanoscale Generators for Tissue Healing: A Perspective.

Electroactive components can promote tissue healing and control neuronal activity with the support of the tissue environment and offer electrical impulses and biocompatible material habitats. Due to the increasing growth of portable electronics, it is imperative to generate tiny, lightweight power supply appliances with outstanding performance and sustainable energy conversion ability. In order to deal with the energy deficiency of electronic devices, self-powered systems based nanogenerators are committed to capturing ambient energy for electronic device consumption.

On the Ion Implantation Synthesis of Ag-Embedded Over Sr-Substituted Hydroxyapatite on a Nano-Topography Patterned Ti for Application in Acetabular Fracture Sites.

Introduction: There is an ongoing need for improved healing response and expedited osseointegration on the Ti implants in acetabular fracture sites. To achieve adequate bonding and mechanical stability between the implant surface and the acetabular fracture, a new coating technology must be developed to promote bone integration and prevent bacterial growth.

Methods: A cylindrical Ti substrate mounted on a rotating specimen holder was used to implant Ca, P, and Sr ions at energies of 100 KeV, 75 KeV and 180 KeV, respectively, using a low-energy accelerator to synthesize strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite at varying conditions.

Incorporation of hydroxyapatite and cerium oxide nanoparticle scaffold as an antibacterial filler matrix for biomedical applications.

Managing bone healing is essential for preventing problems such as non-union, bacterial infection, structural instability, psychological, and physical damage in patients. The need to use antibiotics less often has prompted researchers to look at possible substitutes, such as nanoparticles. In this investigation, we choose to employ cerium oxide nanoparticles due to their unique antibacterial properties based on redox reactions.

Synthetic strategy for the production of electrically polarized polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-co-polymer osseo-functionalized with hydroxyapatite scaffold.

The physiological mechanism of bone tissue regeneration is intricately organized and involves several cell types, intracellular, and extracellular molecular signaling networks. To overcome the drawbacks of autografts and allografts, a number of synthetically produced scaffolds have been manufactured by integrating ceramics, polymers, and their hybrid-composites. Considering the fact that natural bone is composed primarily of collagen and hydroxyapatite, ceramic-polymer composite materials seem to be the most viable alternative to bone implants.

Mangiferin-Enriched Mn-Hydroxyapatite Coupled with β-TCP Scaffolds Simultaneously Exhibit Osteogenicity and Anti-Bacterial Efficacy.

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) containing β-tricalcium phosphate and manganese (Mn)-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized. Biomedical scaffolds were prepared using this synthesized powder on a sacrificial polyurethane sponge template after the incorporation of mangiferin (MAN). Mn was substituted at a concentration of 5% and 10% in HAP to examine the efficacy of Mn at various concentrations.

Electrically Polarized Withaferin A and Alginate-Incorporated Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Microspheres Exhibit Osteogenicity and Antibacterial Activity In Vitro.

Biphasic calcium phosphate microspheres were synthesized by the water on oil emulsion method and, subsequently, withaferin A was incorporated in the microspheres to evaluate their efficacy in biomedical applications. These withaferin A and alginate-incorporated biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP-WFA-ALG) microspheres were then negatively polarized, and the formation of biphasic calcium phosphates was validated by X-ray diffraction study. Although the TSDC measurement of the BCP-WFA-ALG microspheres showed the highest current density of 5.

Bio-mimicked guided tissue regeneration/guided bone regeneration membranes with hierarchical structured surfaces replicated from teak leaf exhibits enhanced bioactivity.

Bio-mimicked GTR/GBR membranes with hierarchical structured surfaces were developed by direct and indirect replication of teak leaf surface. The membranes were fabricated using solvent casting method with customized templates. The surfaces obtained were those with micro-trichomes (MTS) and micro-depression (MDS) that resembled a whorling pattern.

Ti-9Mn β-type alloy exhibits better osteogenicity than Ti-15Mn alloy in vitro.

Ti-9Mn and Ti-15Mn were prepared using an arc furnace in order to understand their osteogenic behavior as a biomedical implant. Ti-9Mn surface showed a significantly lower contact angle value (41%) as compared with the Ti-15Mn surface. The higher Ra and lower hydrophilicity values of Ti-9Mn alloy as compared with Ti-15Mn alloy indicates that Ti-9Mn can have better osteoconductive properties.

Dual response of osteoblast activity and antibacterial properties of polarized strontium substituted hydroxyapatite-Barium strontium titanate composites with controlled strontium substitution.

To mimic the electrical properties of natural bone, controlled strontium substitution of both hydroxyapatite and ferroelectric barium titanate were achieved by mixing in the ratio 30:70 by weight. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy to investigate the phase composition and microstructure of the composites. Unpolarized and polarized strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHA)-barium strontium titanate (BST) composites with controlled degree of Sr substitution were examined, including 5SrHA-5BST (5% Sr substitution in both components) and 10SrHA-10BST composites.

Estimation of Trace Elements, Antioxidants, and Antibacterial Agents of Regularly Consumed Indian Medicinal Plants.

Nutritional profile of minerals and antioxidants in Indian spice extracts was evaluated in order to examine their efficacy in treating various diseases, disorders, and allergies in human health. Extracts of four medicinal plants such as Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Piper longum, regularly consumed as spice products in South Asia, have been studied using elemental analysis, antioxidant, and antibacterial studies. While potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were estimated to be the major elements, trace elements such as manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) were determined in the plant extracts.

Silver doped hydroxyapatite coatings by sacrificial anode deposition under magnetic field.

Uniform distribution of silver (Ag) in the hydroxyapatite (HA) coated Ti surface has been a concern for which an attempt has been made to dope Ag in HA coating with and without magnetic field. Cathodic deposition technique was employed to coat Ag incorporated hydroxyapatite coating using a sacrificial silver anode method by using NdFeB bar magnets producing 12 Tesla magnetic field. While uniform deposition of Ag was observed in the coatings under magnetic field, dense coating was evident in the coating without magnetic field conditions.

Analysis of grains grown on fly ash treated soils.

One time application of fly ash was done at the rate of 200 t/hectare in the crop lands in Odisha, India. The increase in yield of maize grains was 28% and 34% over the control values whereas the increase in yield of rice grains was 40% and 13% at Malud and Dhenkanal, respectively. The results indicated that fly ash is an amendment for soil which can improve the physical and chemical properties of deficient soil and improves the soil fertility and crop yield.

Elemental analysis of coal and coal ASH by PIXE technique.

Coal and coal ash samples were characterized by particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopic technique. Sixteen elements, namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y and Pb were quantified in this study. Elements like K, Ca, Ti and Fe were present as major elements, whereas, other elements like V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr and Pb were present in trace level.

Analysis of ancient Indian silver punch-marked coins by external PIXE.

Seven silver punch-marked coins were analysed using external particle induced X-ray emission technique. The main group of elements like Ag, Cu, Au, Pb and Fe were estimated along with a number of trace/minor elements such as K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni and Rb in the analysed silver coins. Gold was found in all the coins and varied between 0.

Surface characteristics and biological studies of hydroxyapatite coating by a new method.

Hydroxyapatite was coated on the Ti implants by a new coating method called low temperature high speed collision (LTHSC). Higher roughness values were estimated in the formed thick coating on the implant surface. While the roughness value was lower than plasma sprayed HA coatings, LTHSC HA-coated surface showed higher hydrophilicity.

ED-XRF spectrometric analysis of comparative elemental composition of in vivo and in vitro roots of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees--a multi-medicinal herb.

The multi-elemental composition of in vitro--proliferated root tissues of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall.

Surface modification of titanium and titanium alloys by ion implantation.

Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in biomedical devices and components, especially as hard tissue replacements as well as in cardiac and cardiovascular applications, because of their desirable properties, such as relatively low modulus, good fatigue strength, formability, machinability, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, titanium and its alloys cannot meet all of the clinical requirements. Therefore, to improve the biological, chemical, and mechanical properties, surface modification is often performed.

Elemental analysis of silver coins by PIXE technique.

Elemental analysis of nine Indian silver coins during British rule was carried out by proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy. Eight elements, namely Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, and Pb were determined in the present study. Ag and Cu were found to be the major elements, Zn was the only minor element and all other elements are present at the trace level.

Trace element-based food value evaluation in soft and hard shelled mud crabs.

Concentrations of 10 elements were studied from the pre-moult hard shelled and newly moulted (soft shelled) crabs (Scylla serrata) by the (Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence) EDXRF technique. The study evaluated the composition of all 10 elements from the body tissues and the exuvium of soft shelled and the carapace of pre-moulted hard-shelled crabs in order to evaluate the food value from nutritional and safety point of view for human consumption. The essential elements like K, Ca, Mn, Cu, etc.

Elemental composition in mud crab Scylla serrata from Mahanadi estuary, India: in situ irradiation analysis by external PIXE.

During the present study concentration of nine elements (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br and Pb) in different tissues of mud crab Scylla serrata from Mahanadi estuary, India were determined by the external PIXE set up at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique in analyzing both soft and hard tissue samples from marine organisms and opens the door for non-destructive, multi-elemental analysis of tissue samples with a very little sample preparation by direct irradiation. This technique can be well utilized for analyzing the tissue samples for environmental, toxicological and nutritional purposes.

Elemental analysis of aerosol samples collected from an industrial and a non-industrial town of Punjab (India) using PIXE technique.

Chemical composition of the aerosols is an important aspect of aerosol monitoring. The adverse effects on human heath due to different elements in aerosols depend on their concentrations. A comparative study of aerosol concentration and composition from an industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh and a nearby (25 km away) non-industrial and comparatively less polluted town Morinda, in state Punjab (India) was carried out.

Analysis of Indian cholesterol gallstones by particle-induced X-ray emission and thermogravimetry-derivative thermogravimetry.

Objectives: It has been reported that the role of some minor elements plays a significant role in the formation of gallstones. The relationship between minor and trace element concentrations was established in the present investigation and the trace element profile of the current investigation was compared with the literature values of south Indian gallstone samples in order to determine their possible role in stone formation and growth. The rate of weight loss and classification of cholesterol type of gallstones were also investigated by thermal analysis.