Pembrolizumab dramatically resolves choroidal metastatis from esophageal adenocarcinoma and restores vision: a case report.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma historically is an aggressive cancer with poor long-term survival. Ocular metastasis secondary to gastrointestinal malignancy is rare. In managing patients with ocular metastasis, quality of life (specifically vision preservation) is one of the most important factors patients and providers consider when deciding on a treatment regimen.

Review of Ocular Injuries in Patients with Orbital Wall Fractures: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of minor and major ocular injuries in patients with orbital wall fractures at Loma Linda University Health, a level-one trauma center, to help determine the most appropriate setting for the initial dilated fundus examination by ophthalmologists.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed from January 2008 to January 2013 of patients diagnosed with orbital wall fracture secondary to trauma. Exclusion criteria included unknown mechanism of injury, the absence of ophthalmology consultation, or absence of imaging.

Evaluating the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone-moxifloxacin during cataract surgery on central macular edema in patients with preexisting diabetic retinopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide-moxifloxacin at the time of cataract surgery on central macular edema in patients with preexisting diabetic retinopathy.

Setting: Loma Linda University Eye Institute, California, USA.

Design: Retrospective observational clinical study.

Retinal safety evaluation of two-photon laser scanning in rats.

Safe use of retinal imaging with two-photon excitation in human eyes is crucial, as the effects of ultrashort pulsed lasers on the retina are relatively unknown. At the time of the study, the laser safety standards were inadequate due to the lack of biological data. This article addresses the feasibility of two-photon retinal imaging with respect to laser safety.

Catalyst-Free Reductive Coupling of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitro Compounds with Organohalides.

A rare reductive coupling of nitro compounds with organohalides has been realized. The reaction is initiated by a partial reduction of the nitro group to a nitrenoid intermediate. Therefore, not only aromatic but also aliphatic nitro compounds are efficiently transformed into monoalkylated amines, with organohalides as the alkylating agent.

Comparative analysis of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide-moxifloxacin versus standard perioperative eyedrops in cataract surgery.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide-moxifloxacin (Tri-Moxi) to a standard eyedrop regimen in controlling postoperative inflammation, corneal edema, and the rate of high intraocular pressure (IOP) among cataract patients.

Setting: Loma Linda University Eye Institute, California, USA.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal comparative study.

Evaluation of anterior capsular contraction syndrome after cataract surgery with commonly used intraocular lenses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of anterior capsular contraction syndrome (ACCS) in cataract patients after implantation with one of two most commonly used hydrophobic acrylic lenses.

Setting: This study included patients from Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.

Design: This study is a retrospective chart review.

Treatment of Geographic Atrophy with Intravitreal Sirolimus: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Ancillary Study.

Objective/purpose: To evaluate efficacy and safety of monthly intravitreal injections of sirolimus, an immunosuppressive drug, for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration associated geographic atrophy (GA).

Design: Randomized, controlled, single-masked multi-center phase 2 clinical trial of intravitreal sirolimus vs. sham therapy in AREDS2 clinical centers.

O -Mediated Oxidation of Aminoboranes through 1,2-N Migration.

In analogy to the classical reaction of C-B bonds with peroxides, the first oxidative functionalization of aminoboranes through a 1,2-N migration was realized. Readily available aliphatic nitro compounds are thereby transformed into N- and O-functionalized hydroxylamines in a single synthetic operation. Addition of hazardous peroxides is avoided.

Direct Reductive N-Functionalization of Aliphatic Nitro Compounds.

The first general protocol for the direct reductive N-functionalization of aliphatic nitro compounds is presented. The nitro group is partially reduced to a nitrenoid, with a mild and readily available combination of B pin and zinc organyls. Thereby, the formation of an unstable nitroso intermediate is avoided, which has so far severely limited reductive transformations of aliphatic nitro compounds.

Electrophilic Amination with Nitroarenes.

An exceptionally general electrophilic amination, which directly transforms commercially available nitroarenes into alkylated aromatic aminoboranes with zinc organyl compounds was developed. The reaction starts with a two-step partial reduction of the nitro group to a nitrenoid, which is used in situ as the electrophilic amination reagent. To facilitate isolation, the resulting air- and moisture-sensitive aminoboranes were reacted with a range of electrophiles.

In vivo two-photon imaging of retina in rabbits and rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retina using near-infrared (NIR) two-photon scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. New Zealand white rabbits, albino rats, and brown Norway rats were used in this study. An autofluorescence image of the retina, including the retinal cells and its associated vasculatures was obtained by a real-time scan using the ophthalmoscope.

Factors Associated with Worsening Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in Eyes Treated with Panretinal Photocoagulation or Ranibizumab.

Purpose: To compare rates and identify predictive factors for events that represent worsening of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in eyes treated with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or ranibizumab.

Design: Randomized clinical trial (55 United States sites).

Participants: Three hundred ninety-four study eyes from 305 adults with PDR, visual acuity (VA) 20/320 or better, and no history of PRP.

Persistent Macular Thickening After Ranibizumab Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema With Vision Impairment.

Importance: The prevalence of persistent diabetic macular edema (DME) after months of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and its effect on visual acuity are unknown.

Objective: To assess subsequent outcomes of eyes with DME persisting for 24 weeks after initiating treatment with 0.5 mg of ranibizumab.

Cooperative Catalysis: Calcium and Camphorsulfonic Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Diynols.

The first transition metal-free cycloisomerization of easily accessible diynols is presented as a novel approach to bicyclic 2H-pyrans. As a one-step protocol, the reaction proceeds in a single reaction cascade by intertwining mechanistic fragments borrowed from transition metal-catalyzed Claisen rearrangment of vinyl ethers with our own work on allenyl/propargyl cation rearrangements and a 6π-oxo-electrocylization. It is enabled by a new cooperative catalytic system that combines a simple Ca(2+) catalyst with camphorsulfonic acid.

Optical coherence tomography in pediatric ophthalmology: current roles and future directions.

The application of existing optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology to the pediatric population is limited in both the design specification of the device and its hardware. However, the potential of OCT in the pediatric population has not been fully realized. The authors review the literature, highlighting the currently available spectral-domain OCT technology and summarizing the reported normal pediatric OCT parameters for retinal nerve fiber layer and macular thickness.

Macular edema after cataract surgery in eyes without preoperative central-involved diabetic macular edema.

Importance: The incidence of development or worsening of macular edema (ME) is variable in eyes without diabetic ME (DME) undergoing cataract surgery.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of central-involved ME 16 weeks following cataract surgery in eyes with diabetic retinopathy without definite central-involved DME preoperatively.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In a multicenter, prospective, observational study, 293 participants with diabetic retinopathy without definite central subfield thickening on optical coherence tomography (OCT) underwent cataract surgery.

Renal cell carcinoma metastasis to the ciliary body responds to proton beam radiotherapy: a case report.

Introduction: We report an unexpected presentation of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the ciliary body and an interesting response to proton beam radiotherapy.

Case Presentation: We encountered a case of angle-closure glaucoma as the initial presentation of ocular metastasis to the ciliary body in a 65-year-old Caucasian man who had undergone right radical nephrectomy for RCC 15 years earlier. He underwent YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) laser peripheral iridotomy while further metastatic workup took place.

Oxygen saturation in premature infants at risk for threshold retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: We aimed to determine if oxygen saturation, desaturations, and saturation variability play a role in progression of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and need for laser treatment.

Methods: This was a retrospective case-control study. We performed chart review of premature infants in a university hospital neonatal intensive care unit consecutively examined for ROP between May 2000 and December 2001.

Pupil dilation using a standard cataract surgery regimen alone or with atropine 1.0% pretreatment: prospective comparative evaluation.

Purpose: To compare the amount of pupil dilation produced by a set of commonly used preoperative mydriatic agents for cataract surgery, with the same regimen preceded by topical administration of atropine 1.0%.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.

Optical coherence tomography-measured pigment epithelial detachment height as a predictor for retinal pigment epithelial tears associated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections.

Purpose: The purpose was to study preinjection optical coherence tomography-related factors in age-related macular degeneration eyes with retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) that may predispose retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tears associated with intravitreal bevacizumab injections.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective case series involving 9 retina specialists and 7 centers investigated Stratus optical coherence tomography (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) parameters in eyes with vascularized PED (vPED) from February 2006 to February 2007. Of the 1,280 eyes in 1,255 patients receiving 2,890 intravitreal injections, there were 125 eyes with vPED.

Intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma secondary to central retinal vein occlusion: a case report.

Introduction: Every eye with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is at risk for developing neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a key role in the development of NVG in CRVO. Bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, San Francisco, CA) is a recombinant monoclonal antibody binding all isoforms of VEGF.

Retinal pigment epithelial tears after intravitreal bevacizumab injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To study retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tears after off-label intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Eyes with a vascularized pigment epithelial detachment (PED) that developed an RPE tear were compared with eyes with a vascularized PED but without an RPE tear.