Divergent populations of HIV-infected naïve and memory CD4+ T-cell clones in children on antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Naïve cells comprise 90% of the CD4+ T-cell population in neonates and exhibit distinct age-specific capacities for proliferation and activation. We hypothesized that HIV-infected naïve CD4+ T-cell populations in children on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) would thus be distinct from infected memory cells.

Methods: Peripheral blood naïve and memory CD4+ T cells from 8 children with perinatal HIV on ART initiated at age 1.

Reconstructing the introduction history of the invasive grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. asperum in the western United States: Low within-population genetic diversity does not preclude invasion.

Premise: One of the main drivers of global change is biotic exchange, which leads to biological invasions. The genetic diversity and structure of invasive populations is influenced by multiple factors, most notably the details of a species' introduction, its pattern of range expansion, and its mating system. Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp.

Family functioning in adolescents and young adults with differences of sex development.

Objective: Family functioning influences various psychosocial outcomes for individuals with pediatric chronic health conditions (e.g., Leeman, J.

The Influence of Migration Timing and Local Conditions on Reproductive Timing in Arctic-Breeding Birds.

For birds breeding in the Arctic, nest success is affected by the timing of nest initiation, which is partially determined by local conditions such as snow cover. However, conditions during the non-breeding season can carry over to affect the timing of breeding. We used tracking and breeding data from 248 individuals of 8 species and subspecies of Arctic-breeding shorebirds to estimate how the timing of nest initiation is related to local conditions like snowmelt phenology versus prior conditions, measured by the timing and speed of migration.

Psychological attributes and eating behaviors in 5- to 12-year-old children during periods of stress.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between psychological attributes and obesogenic behaviors in children during the period of COVID-19 pandemic-induced stress.

Methods: This observational study collected data from caregivers of 5- to 12-year-old children from three diverse groups assessing sociodemographic, economic, and perceived stress, along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire, revised (FEAHQ-R), in October 2020 and June 2021. The outcome measures were SDQ and FEAHQ-R scores.

Fibromyalgia is associated with increased odds of prior pain-precipitated relapse among non-treatment-seeking individuals with opioid use disorder.

Background/objectives: Chronic pain is an opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment barrier and associated with poor outcomes in OUD treatment including relapse. Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain condition related to central nervous system substrates that overlap with the brain disease model of OUD. We know of no studies that have looked at non-treatment seeking individuals, to see if fibromyalgia might represent a barrier to OUD treatment.

Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Executive Function and Aggressive Behavior at Age 5 Years.

Importance: Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasingly common in the US and may affect the development and behavior of preschool-aged children.

Objective: To prospectively investigate the association of prenatal cannabis exposure with executive function and aggressive behavior at age 5 years.

Design, Setting, Participants: This cohort study was conducted from 2016 through 2020.

A novel screening instrument for the assessment of autism in German language: validation of the German version of the RAADS-R, the RADS-R.

The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) demonstrated excellent results in its original study, with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% (Ritvo et al. in J Autism Dev Disord 41:1076-1089, 2011). As a result, it was included in the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines (Recommendations | Autism spectrum disorder in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE, 2022).

Evaluating Obesity: The "Why" Behind the American Academy of Pediatrics' Obesity Treatment Clinical Practice Guideline.

The 2023 American Academy of Pediatrics' "Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Obesity (Obesity CPG)" is a comprehensive document that addresses the evaluation and treatment of pediatric obesity. Much attention has been focused on the use of medications and surgery to treat severe obesity, but the document also thoroughly reviews the evaluation of obesity and its comorbidities through key action statements and consensus recommendations. The majority of these evaluation guidelines are well within the scope of the general pediatrician and an understanding of and implementation of them can lead to improved obesity care in the primary care setting.

A semi-structured interview for the dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I).

Background: This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the newly developed semi-structured interview, Interview Version of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS-I), which is designed to provide a dimensional assessment of internalizing and externalizing symptoms.

Methods: Multi-informant baseline data from the OPTIE study was used, involving 358 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (M = 11.54, SD = 3.

Polyuria in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

: The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented number of patients requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) therapy. Clinical polyuria was observed at our ECMO center during the pandemic. This study aims to investigate the incidence, potential causes, and implications of polyuria in COVID-19 patients undergoing VV ECMO therapy.

Practitioner Review: Continuity of mental health care from childhood to adulthood for youths with ADHD - who, how and when?

Many youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience significant long-term impairment and may develop concurrent mental and somatic health difficulties as adults. This is associated with burden and costs for the individual and society which could be prevented through continued support in youth. Yet, only few young people transition to adult mental health services for ongoing care in different countries worldwide.

Body image and psychosocial outcomes in youth and young adults with differences of sex development: a multi-method study.

Objective: Differences of sex development (DSD) can affect the physical health, appearance, and psychosocial functioning of affected individuals, but little is known about how subjective appearance perceptions (body image) impact psychosocial outcomes. This study evaluated body image and its associations with psychosocial outcomes including quality of life, resilience, and psychosocial adjustment.

Methods: This cross-sectional, multi-method study assessed body image and psychosocial outcomes including quality of life, adjustment, and resilience in 97 youth and young adults with DSD (mean age = 17 ± 3.

Pain and its Perceived Relatedness to the Onset, Maintenance, and Relapse of Opioid use Disorder: A Descriptive Study of Non-Treatment-Seeking Individuals.

Background: Previous research has found chronic pain to be prevalent among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). The perception that pain is related to OUD onset, maintenance, relapse, and treatment delay has been noted in this population. However, prior works primarily involved treatment-engaged populations.

Why do avian responses to change in Arctic green-up vary?

Global climate change has altered the timing of seasonal events (i.e., phenology) for a diverse range of biota.

Associations of Impulsivity and Risky Decision-Making with E-Cigarette-Related Outcomes Among Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: Variable- and Person-Oriented Approaches.

Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) have elevated risk for acquired cardiovascular complications, increasing their vulnerability to e-cigarette-related health harms. Impulsivity and risky decision-making have been associated with adolescent substance use, but the relationships between these factors and e-cigarette-related outcomes among cardiovascular at-risk adolescents with CHD are unknown. This cross-sectional study aimed to (a) determine the associations of impulsivity and risky decision-making with e-cigarette-related outcomes (i.

Associations of prenatal stress with 5-year-old children's executive function in a low socioeconomic status population.

Prenatal stress has a significant, but small, negative effect on children's executive function (EF) in middle and high socioeconomic status (SES) households. Importantly, rates and severity of prenatal stress are higher and protective factors are reduced in lower SES households, suggesting prenatal stress may be particularly detrimental for children's EF in this population. This study examined whether prenatal stress was linked to 5-year-old's EF in a predominantly low SES sample and child sex moderated this association, as males may be more vulnerable to adverse prenatal experiences.

The Design and Acceptability of a Hip Hop Themed Integrated Nutrition Math Curriculum for Minoritized 5th Grade Students Using the Multisensory Multilevel Health Education Model.

Digital technology creates new opportunities to design multisensory learning experiences. Evidence suggests that digital innovation can greatly benefit health education, including nutrition programs. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the education sector, forcing schools to modify standard practices from exclusively in-person delivery to online or blended learning.

Efficacy of Behavioral Economic Nudges to Assist Teen Mothers: the Healthy Adolescent Transitions Randomized Controlled Trial.

Communities may often lack the resources to deliver intensive programs to assist teen mothers, and many eligible adolescents may decline participation in lengthy interventions. Therefore, alternative approaches involving less resource and time may be needed. Behavioral economics (BE) can inform the development of such novel interventions.

HIV Expression in Infected T Cell Clones.

The principal barrier to an HIV-1 cure is the persistence of infected cells harboring replication-competent proviruses despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). HIV-1 transcriptional suppression, referred to as viral latency, is foremost among persistence determinants, as it allows infected cells to evade the cytopathic effects of virion production and killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and other immune factors. HIV-1 persistence is also governed by cellular proliferation, an innate and essential capacity of CD4+ T cells that both sustains cell populations over time and enables a robust directed response to immunological threats.

Nociplastic Pain and Pain-Motivated Drinking in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Heavy chronic alcohol use may produce pain amplification through neurochemical and neuroplastic changes at multiple levels of the nervous system. Similar changes are thought to underlie nociplastic pain. The American College of Rheumatology Fibromyalgia Survey has been used as a surrogate for nociplastic pain, including among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Assessing the impact of a 6-year health sciences enrichment program for underrepresented minority youth on healthcare workforce diversity, career path, and public health.

Background: Improving the quality of care for a diverse population requires a diverse healthcare workforce which necessitates high educational attainment among underrepresented communities. Programs aimed to address healthcare workforce diversity gaps also serve as a public health intervention by offering avenues to improve the health of local communities by providing students with the knowledge and skills to promote healthy behaviors, foster scientific literacy, and inspire future public health professionals - who in turn serve their local communities to advance health outcomes. We interviewed alumni of the New York Presbyterian Hospital Lang Youth Medical Program (LYMP), a high school health sciences mentoring and enrichment program for underrepresented minority youth in Upper Manhattan, from graduating classes between 2012 and 2021 to explore their perspectives on what aspects of the program had the most impact on their academic and career paths.