The effect of N-acetylcysteine on exercise-induced priming of human neutrophils. A chemiluminescence study.

The effect of strenuous aerobic exercise on the liberation of reactive oxygen species production by human granulocytes was investigated in 9 untrained healthy men. The influence of supplementation with N-acetylcysteine, a pro-glutathione free radical scavenger, on this was also investigated. Subjects performed two identical maximal exercise tests (mean time 14.

Dietary intake and nutritional status of athletic and nonathletic children in early puberty.

Dietary intakes, trace element status, and anthropometric measures were studied in 12- to 13-year-old boys (n = 49) playing ice hockey (AB) and in 11- to 12-year-old girls who were gymnasts, figure skaters, and runners (AG; n = 43). Thirty-five boys (CB) and 53 girls (CG) not involved in supervised sports were controls. After adjustment for sexual maturation, ABs had larger upper arm muscle circumference than CBs.

Physical activity and health-related fitness in middle-aged men.

The relation of habitual physical activity to various components of health-related fitness as well as the 12-month repeatability of the measurements were investigated in middle-aged men. Physical activity was assessed by 7-d recall interview. In the men with cardiopulmonary or musculoskeletal diseases total energy expenditure (TEE) correlated directly with maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and inversely with the sum of skinfolds, serum triglycerides, and plasma fibrinogen.

Validity assessment of a social support index.

The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the psychometric properties of the social support sumindex used earlier in a Swedish longitudinal study. The results based on the data of a cross-sectional survey in 1992. A randomly selected cohort consisted of 212 men, aged 50 to 60 years.

Factor VII coagulant activity in relation to serum lipoproteins and dietary fat in middle-aged men.

The associations of serum lipoproteins and habitual diet to factor VII coagulant activity (FVIIc) were analysed in 119 middle-aged men. FVIIc was measured by one-stage clotting assay, cholesterol and triglycerides enzymatically, serum apolipoproteins (apo) immunoturbidimetrically and habitual diet using four-day food records. ApoB, cholesterol, triglycerides, apoA-II, LDL cholesterol and dietary fat correlated directly to FVIIc (p < 0.

Acute dynamic exercise increases fibrinolytic activity.

The influence of acute bouts of dynamic exercise on plasma tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and fibrinogen was investigated on nine healthy non-smoking men aged 23 to 37 years. Subjects performed maximal and two submaximal (duration 30 min, intensity 50% [aerobic threshold] and 78% [anaerobic threshold]VO2max) bicycle ergospirometry tests separated by seven days. The order of the submaximal tests was randomized.

Inverse relation of physical activity and apolipoprotein AI to blood pressure in elderly women.

To study the relation of habitual physical activity, diet, and serum lipoproteins to blood pressure, a cross-sectional study was carried out in a cohort of 202 women, age 60-69 yr. Sitting, supine, and standing blood pressure was measured with a standard sphygmomanometer. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, diet by food records, serum lipoprotein cholesterol enzymatically, and apolipoprotein AI turbidimetrically.

Inverse relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and carotid atherosclerosis.

The association between cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and carotid atherosclerosis was analyzed in 163 men, aged 50 to 60 years. VO2max was assessed using breath-by-breath respiratory gas analyses during maximal exercise stress test. Atherosclerosis was evaluated quantitatively as intima-media thickness (IMT) of the right and left carotid arteries by high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography.

Apolipoprotein(a), fibrinopeptide A and carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged men.

The association between apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was analyzed in Eastern Finnish men aged 50 to 60 years. Apo(a) correlated directly with carotid bifurcation (r = 0.26, p = 0.

Association of risk factors and body iron status to carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged eastern Finnish men.

High body iron stores have been proposed as a risk factor for advanced atherosclerosis. We investigated the prevalence of early atherosclerotic changes, and their relation to conventional CHD risk factors and body iron status. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 206 men aged 50 to 60 years (6% random population sample).

Relation of leisure-time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness to the risk of acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that higher levels of regular physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease. We investigated the independent associations of physical activity during leisure time and maximal oxygen uptake (a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness) with the risk of acute myocardial infarction.

Methods: During the period 1984 to 1989, we performed base-line examinations in 1453 men 42 to 60 years old who did not report having cardiovascular disease or cancer.

Oxidative stress after human exercise: effect of N-acetylcysteine supplementation.

The association between exercise intensity and related oxidative stress was investigated in nine men who exercised for 30 min at their aerobic (AeT) and anaerobic (AnaeT) thresholds. We also tested the effect of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on exercise-associated rapid blood glutathione (GSH) oxidation in subjects performing two identical maximal bicycle ergometer exercise (Max) tests. Before the second test (Max with NAC supplementation [Max(NAC)]), the men took 200 x 4 mg/day of NAC tablets for 2 days and an additional 800 mg on the test morning.

Relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors.

The relation of habitual diet and cardiorespiratory fitness to plasma fibrinogen concentration, Factor VII activity (F VIIc), Factor X activity (F X), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) concentrations, anti-thrombin III (AT III) and apolipoprotein(a) (Apo[a]) was analyzed in 111 normolipidemic men aged 51-53 years. Diet was evaluated by seven day food records. Maximal oxygen consumption and aerobic threshold were determined in maximal bicycle ergospirometry test based on breath-by-breath analysis of expired respiratory gas.

Inverse relationship between physical activity and plasma fibrinogen in postmenopausal women.

The relationship between habitual physical activity and plasma level of fibrinogen was investigated in a cohort of 180 postmenopausal women, aged 60-69 years. Plasma fibrinogen was determined from prediluted plasma by adding an appropriate amount of thrombin to the sample. The time until fibrin formation occurred was measured.

HDL, HDL2, and HDL3 subfractions, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. A prospective population study in eastern Finnish men.

Background: We investigated the association of cholesterol concentrations in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 with the risk of acute myocardial infarction in 1,799 randomly selected men 42, 48, 54, or 60 years old.

Methods And Results: Baseline examinations in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study were done during 1984-1987. In Cox multivariate survival models adjusted for age and examination year, serum HDL cholesterol of less than 1.

Risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

We assessed the severity of carotid atherosclerosis in 412 men from eastern Finland aged 42, 48, 54 or 60 years at examination with B-mode ultrasonography in 1987 in the Kuopi ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD). Thirty-seven per cent of participants had intimal-medial thickening, 10% had plaques and 2% had stenosis. Age (P less than 0.

Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and serum cholesterol levels in eastern Finland.

We investigated the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and its association with serum lipoprotein cholesterol fractions in 412 Eastern Finnish men ages 42, 48, 54, or 60 years who were examined between February and December 1987 in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study. Carotid atherosclerosis was assessed with high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography. Of the participants, 37% had thickening of the intimal or medial layer of the arterial wall, 10% had plaques, 2% had stenosis in the right or left common carotid artery or in the carotid bifurcation, and only 51% were free of any detectable carotid atherosclerosis.

Blood pressure, dietary fats, and antioxidants.

We investigated the association of dietary fatty acids and antioxidants with blood pressure in 722 eastern Finnish men aged 54 y, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in 1984-86. Men with self-reported hypertension or cerebrovascular disease or under antihypertensive medication were excluded. Allowing for the major anthropometric, dietary, medical, and psychological determinants of blood pressure in multivariate regression analyses, both plasma ascorbic acid (p = 0.

Relationship of serum selenium and antioxidants to plasma lipoproteins, platelet aggregability and prevalent ischaemic heart disease in Eastern Finnish men.

In a cross-sectional population study of 1132 unselected Eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, serum selenium concentration had a weak positive association with plasma HDL cholesterol (standardised partial regression coefficient, beta = 0.061, P = 0.019) and a fairly strong inverse relationship (beta = -0.

Leisure time and occupational physical activity: risk of death from ischemic heart disease.

The relation of leisure time and occupational physical activity to the risk of death from ischemic heart disease was investigated in a cohort of 15,088 persons aged 30-59 years who had no history of cardiovascular disease or other condition which hindered physical activity. Two population samples were randomly chosen from eastern Finland. During a six-year follow-up, persons who were sedentary in leisure time (relative risk = 1.

Vitamin C deficiency and low linolenate intake associated with elevated blood pressure: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.

We investigated the association of dietary fatty acids and plasma antioxidative vitamins with blood pressure in 722 eastern Finnish men aged 54 years, examined in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study in 1984-1986, who had no known hypertension nor any cerebrovascular disease. Allowing for the major anthropometric, dietary, medical and psychological determinants of blood pressure in a multivariate regression analysis, plasma ascorbic acid concentration had a moderate, independent inverse association (P less than 0.0001) and the estimated dietary intake of linolenic acid an inverse (P = 0.

Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial.

The relation of self-selected leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) to first major coronary heart disease (CHD) events and overall mortality was studied in 12,138 middle-aged men participating in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Total LTPA over the preceding year was quantitated in mean minutes per day at baseline by questionnaire, with subjects classified into tertiles (low, moderate, and high) based on LTPA distribution. During seven years of follow-up, moderate LTPA was associated with 63% as many fatal CHD events and sudden deaths, and 70% as many total deaths as low LTPA (P less than .

Effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on platelet aggregability and platelet produced thromboxane.

We investigated the sustained effect of 12-week supplementation of 2.880 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids on platelet aggregability, platelet produced thromboxane B2 concentration and serum fatty acid composition in a double-blind controlled trial in 44 healthy mildly overweight eastern Finnish men recruited from a representative population sample. The supplementation was discontinued seven days before the biochemical measurements.