PER2 gene and its association with sleep-related disorders: A review.

The natural circadian rhythm in an individual governs the sleep-wake cycle over 24 h. Disruptions in this internal cycle can lead to major health hazards and sleep disorders. Reports suggest that at least 50 % of people worldwide suffer from sleep-related disorders.

Simple formulation and characterization of double emulsion variant designed to carry three bioactive agents.

Multiple emulsions are thermodynamically stable systems that mark applications in various fields including drug delivery systems. They allow enhanced availability of drugs, greater absorption, and present reduced toxicity, among other desirable properties. In this work, we aimed to formulate a unique double emulsion (O1/W + W1/O2/W/W) with three bioactive components viz.

Hydrogels and Their Role in Bone Tissue Engineering: An Overview.

An increasing incidence of the bone damage either due to trauma or a wide range of diseases related to bone necessitates the advent of new technologies or modification of the existing pattern of treatment to deliver utmost care to an individual thereby helping them to lead a normal and healthy life. Revolutionary changes in the field of tissue engineering (TE) pave a way from repair to regeneration of human tissues and restoring the health of an individual. Among the numerous biomaterials available, hydrogel emerges as a promising source of scaffold material in the field of bone TE (BTE).

Collagen deposition correlates with loss of E-cadherin and increased p63 expression in dysplastic conditions of oral submucous fibrosis.

This paper focuses on the status of epithelial markers, E-cadherin, and p63 in the backdrop of an abnormal amount of collagen in the sub-mucosa of dysplastic and non-dysplastic grades of OSF. Histologically confirmed OSF and normal oral mucosa samples were procured. Samples were stained by Van Gieson's stain (VG) and immunohistochemistry.

Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating both types of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases.

Diabetes mellitus is a common lifestyle disease which can be classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While both result in hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and further associated chronic ailments, there is a marked distinction in the cause for each type due to which both require a different prophylaxis. As observed, type 1 diabetes is caused due to the autoimmune action of the body resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells.

Characterization of alginate-capped nanosilver by fractal and entropy analysis on its transmission electron microphotographs.

The study employs conventional techniques and quantitative image analysis tools to characterize alginate-capped nanosilver synthesized by green methods. Sodium Alginate (0.5 %, 1 % and 2 %) was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent.

Epithelial Distribution of E-Cadherin, p63, and Mitotic Figures in ApoTome Images to Determine the Oncogenic Potentiality of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

The exact process of the malignant conversion of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) to oral cancer is not fully understood. This study aimed to detect and analyze E-cadherin expression, p63 expression, and number of mitotic figures, all correlated to cancer development, in ApoTome images of oral tissues to determine the oncogenic potentiality of OSF. ApoTome images of the study groups (6 normal, 16 OSF with dysplasia, and 10 OSF without dysplasia) were recorded.

Treatment of glaucoma by prostaglandin agonists and beta-blockers in combination directly reduces pro-fibrotic gene expression in trabecular meshwork.

Prostaglandin analogues (PG), beta-blockers (BB) or their combination (PG+BB) are used primarily to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) pathologically associated with glaucoma. Since, fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is a major aetiological factor in glaucoma, we studied the effect of these drugs on fibrosis-associated gene expression in TM of primary glaucoma patients. In the present study, TM and iris of primary open-angle (n = 32) and angle-closure (n = 37) glaucoma patients were obtained surgically during trabeculectomy and categorized based on the type of IOP-lowering medications use as PG, BB or PG+BB.

Synthesis of ZnO/FeO/rGO nanocomposites and evaluation of antibacterial activities towards E. coli and S. aureus.

Antibacterial activity of nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) has received wide spread attention in biomedical applications. In this direction, the authors prepared zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (FeO), and their composite including reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by hydrothermal method. The structural and microstructural properties of the synthesised NPs and NCs were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, TGA, and TEM analysis.

Influence of Anterior Biometry on Corneal Biomechanical Stiffness of Glaucomatous Eyes Treated With Chronic Medication or Filtration Surgery.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: Anterior chamber depth, IOP, and thickness confounded the assessment of corneal biomechanical properties with noncontact applanation in glaucoma eyes. Compared with normal eyes, glaucoma eyes, which underwent long-term treatment or filtration surgery, had similar properties.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate corneal stiffness in primary angle-closure (PACG) and primary open-angle (POAG) glaucoma eyes that were subgrouped on the basis of the type of topical medication and filtration surgery using noncontact applanation.

Amelioration of excision wounds by topical application of green synthesized, formulated silver and gold nanoparticles in albino Wistar rats.

Wound healing, a complex biological process, has attained a lot of attention as dermatologists are primarily interested in stimulated wound closure without formation of scar or a faint scar. The recent upsurgence of nanotechnology has provided novel therapeutic materials in the form of silver and gold nanoparticles which accelerate the wound healing process. The effect of formulated nanoparticles using Coleus forskohlii root extract (green synthesized) has been tried out for ameliorating full thickness excision wounds in albino Wistar male rats.

Connecting cyto-nano-architectural attributes and epithelial molecular expression in oral submucous fibrosis progression to cancer.

Objective: Problems in pre-cancer diagnosis complicate cancer theragnosis as well as life expectancy. There is uncertainty regarding malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), an oral pre-cancer with dysplastic (OSFWD) and non-dysplastic (OSFWT) subtypes. Understanding the structural, molecular and physical aspects of epithelial homeostasis may be useful.

Computer-aided molecular pathology interpretation in exploring prospective markers for oral submucous fibrosis progression.

Background: Evaluation of molecular pathology markers using a computer-aided quantitative assessment framework would help to assess the altered states of cellular proliferation, hypoxia, and neoangiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis and could improve diagnostic interpretation in gauging its malignant potentiality.

Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of c-Myc, hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFRII, and CD105 were evaluated in 58 biopsies of oral submucous fibrosis using computer-aided quantification. After digital stain separation of original chromogenic IHC images, quantification of the diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction pattern was performed based on intensity and extent of cytoplasmic, nuclear, and stromal expression.

Correlated analysis of semi-quantitative immunohistochemical features of E-cadherin, VEGF and CD105 in assessing malignant potentiality of oral submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis, a potentially premalignant condition for oral squamous cell carcinoma, manifests both non-dysplastic and dysplastic grades. Early and specific identification of its malignant potentiality suffers from diagnostic limitations that may be addressed by correlated molecular pathology attributes having histopathological backdrop. Present study correlates expressional alteration in prime epithelial marker E-cadherin, with neo-angiogenic molecules viz.

Computational analysis of p63(+) nuclei distribution pattern by graph theoretic approach in an oral pre-cancer (sub-mucous fibrosis).

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a pre-cancerous condition with features of chronic, inflammatory and progressive sub-epithelial fibrotic disorder of the buccal mucosa. In this study, malignant potentiality of OSF has been assessed by quantification of immunohistochemical expression of epithelial prime regulator-p63 molecule in correlation to its malignant (oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] and normal counterpart [normal oral mucosa [NOM]). Attributes of spatial extent and distribution of p63(+) expression in the epithelium have been investigated.

Epithelio-mesenchymal transitional attributes in oral sub-mucous fibrosis.

Evaluating molecular attributes in association with its epithelial and sub-epithelial changes of oral sub-mucous fibrosis is meaningful in exploring the plausibility of an epithelio-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant potentiality of this pathosis. In this study histopathological and histochemical attributes for basement membrane and connective tissue in biopsies of oral sub-mucous fibrosis (n = 55) and normal oral mucosa (n = 16) were assessed and expressions of p63, E-cadherin, β-catenin, N-cadherin and TWIST were analyzed immunohistochemically. The p63 and its isoforms (TA and ∆N), PARD3, E-cadherin and β-catenin were also assessed transcriptomically by q-PCR and EMT players like TWIST1, ZEB1, MMP9 and micro-RNA 205 were searched in gene expression microarrays.

Assessment of molecular events during in vitro re-epithelialization under honey-alginate matrix ambience.

Re-epithelialization is one of the most important stages of cutaneous regeneration and its success requires supportive micro-ambience which may be provided with suitable bio-matrix. Biocompatibility and efficacy of such bio-matrix in re-epithelialization could be explored by multimodal analysis of structural and functional attributes of in vitro wound healing model including evaluation of prime molecular expressions of the epithelial cells during repair. Present study examines the influence of honey-alginate and alginate matrices on re-epithelialization in keratinocyte (HaCaT) population in a 2-D wound model.

Finding an optimum immuno-histochemical feature set to distinguish benign phyllodes from fibroadenoma.

Purpose: Benign phyllodes and fibroadenoma are two well-known breast tumors with remarkable diagnostic ambiguity. The present study is aimed at determining an optimum set of immuno-histochemical features to distinguish them by analyzing important observations on expressions of important genes in fibro-glandular tissue.

Methods: Immuno-histochemically, the expressions of p63 and α-SMA in myoepithelial cells and collagen I, III and CD105 in stroma of tumors and their normal counterpart were studied.

Optical, spectroscopic, and Doppler evaluation of "normal" and "abnormal" reflexology areas in lumbar vertebral pathology: a case study.

Scientific validation of reflexology requires an in-depth and noninvasive evaluation of "reflexology/reflex areas" in health and disease. The present paper reports the differential properties of "normal" and "abnormal" reflexology areas related to the lumbar vertebrae in a subject suffering from low back pain. The pathology is supported by radiological evidence.

ApoTome to visualize E-cadherin and p63 expression in oral pre-cancer.

Precise histopathological localization of E-cadherin and p63 is of immense importance in understanding the integrity of oral mucosal stratified epithelium in normal and diseased conditions. Necessarily immunohistochemical imaging should have minimum bleaching impact on the dyes and ability to produce clear and crisp images. Here ApoTome provides an alternative with metal halide light source and structured illumination under the assistance of grids, along with integrated image processing modality to generate crisp images with digital interface.

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of p63, E-Cadherin, Collagen I and III Expression in Lower Limb Wound Healing under Honey.

Honey is recognized traditionally for its medicinal properties and also appreciated as a topical healing agent for infected and noninfected wounds. This study evaluates impact of honey-based occlusive dressing on nonhealing (nonresponding to conventional antibiotics) traumatic lower limb wounds (n = 34) through clinicopathological and immunohistochemical (e.g.

Swept-source optical coherence tomography of lower limb wound healing with histopathological correlation.

Direct noninvasive visualization of wound bed with depth information is important to understand the tissue repair. We correlate skin swept-source-optical coherence tomography (OCT) with histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation on traumatic lower limb wounds under honey dressing to compare and assess the tissue repair features acquired noninvasively and invasively. Analysis of optical biopsy identifies an uppermost brighter band for stratum corneum with region specific thickness (p < 0.

Assessment of malignant potential of oral submucous fibrosis through evaluation of p63, E-cadherin and CD105 expression.

Background: The assessment of malignant potential of oral submucous fibrosis grades vis-à-vis their progression towards malignancy is associated with expression of possible multiple molecular markers.

Aims: To analyse p63, E-cadherin and CD105 expression in this premalignant pathosis with a view to unravel and understand the expression of these molecules as markers.

Methods: The oral mucosal biopsies (normal, oral submucous fibrosis with and without dysplasia) were studied with routine H&E, and by immunohistochemistry for p63, E-cadherin and CD105 expression.