Neutronics Simulations for DEMO Diagnostics.

One of the main challenges in the development of a plasma diagnostic and control system for DEMO is the need to cope with unprecedented radiation levels in a tokamak during long operation periods. A list of diagnostics required for plasma control has been developed during the pre-conceptual design phase. Different approaches are proposed for the integration of these diagnostics in DEMO: in equatorial and upper ports, in the divertor cassette, on the inner and outer surfaces of the vacuum vessel and in diagnostic slim cassettes, a modular approach developed for diagnostics requiring access to the plasma from several poloidal positions.

Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives of Microwave Reflectometry for Plasma Position and Shape Control on Future Nuclear Fusion Devices.

Providing energy from fusion and finding ways to scale up the fusion process to commercial proportions in an efficient, economical, and environmentally benign way is one of the grand challenges for engineering. Controlling the burning plasma in real-time is one of the critical issues that need to be addressed. Plasma Position Reflectometry (PPR) is expected to have an important role in next-generation fusion machines, such as DEMO, as a diagnostic to monitor the position and shape of the plasma continuously, complementing magnetic diagnostics.

Performance Analysis of Geiger-Müller and Cadmium Zinc Telluride Sensors Envisaging Airborne Radiological Monitoring in NORM Sites.

Radiological monitoring is fundamental for compliance with radiological protection policies in the aftermath of radiological events, such as nuclear accidents, terrorism, and out-of-commission uranium mines. An effective strategy for radiation monitoring is to use radiation detectors coupled with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), enabling for quicker surveillance of large areas without involving the need of human presence in the target area. The main aim of this study was to formulate the parameters for a UAV flight strategy in preparation for future field measurements using Geiger-Muller Counters (GMC) and Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) spectrometers.