Instituto y no hospital. La distintiva organización que Ignacio Chávez concibió para combatir integralmente a las enfermedades del corazón en México. En el octogésimo aniversario del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología.

In 1936, Ignacio Chávez submitted a proposal to the Mexican government for the creation of a cardiology institute. He had studied in Paris, Berlin, and other European cities in 1926. Upon his return to Mexico, he founded the Cardiology Service at the General Hospital in Mexico City, the first of its kind in the country.

Reliability of International Normalized Ratio Results in the CoaguChek Pro II System in a Clinical Setting.

The National Institute of Cardiology has previously used the CoaguChek XS Plus system (Roche Diagnostics International Ltd), comparing capillary blood prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) results with those obtained using BCS-XP/Thromborel (Siemens). We assessed the reliability of PT/INR results using the third-generation CoaguChek Pro II system, the CoaguChek XS Plus system, and cobas t 411 for citrated plasma analysis. Venous and capillary PT/INR were measured (N = 204).

[Guidelines for prophylaxis and anti-thrombotic treatment for patients with COVID-19. Consensus of the Latin American Cooperative Group on Hemostasis and Thrombosis (CLAHT)].

Coagulopathy and thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represent a major issue in the management of this disease. In the past months, clinical studies have demonstrated that COVID-19 patients present with a particular hypercoagulable state, in which a markedly increased D-dimer concomitant with increased levels of fibrinogen are observed. This hypercoagulable state leads to an increased risk of thrombosis, which seems to be higher among those patients with critical symptoms of COVID-19.

[Complicaciones trombóticas en COVID-19 grave: enfoque en tromboembolia venosa, tromboprofilaxis y anticoagulación].

La enfermedad grave por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) está causada por el Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) y predispone a complicaciones trombóticas. En esta revisión se aborda de manera práctica la estrecha relación entre la tromboembolia venosa y la COVID-19, enfatizando aspectos epidemiológicos, factores de riesgo y tromboprofilaxis, así como potenciales opciones de anticoagulación. Actualmente la evidencia científica es muy escasa, pero día a día seguimos aprendiendo, estando atentos a cambios novedosos y dinámicos en esta enfermedad infecciosa e inmunotrombótica emergente.

Participation of pulmonary embolism response teams during the perioperative period.

La tromboembolia pulmonar aguda representa una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad cardiovascular, sólo rebasada por los síndromes coronarios agudos y la enfermedad cerebrovascular. El inicio y la intervención de un equipo multidisciplinario de respuesta rápida en la tromboembolia pulmonar son imperantes para mejorar el pronóstico y reducir al mínimo las posibles secuelas en el subgrupo de pacientes más graves. En este artículo de revisión se describe y revisa de manera general el papel actual y potencial que tienen dichos equipos de respuesta rápida, con un enfoque particular en el perioperatorio.

Asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients despite therapeutic levels of anti-Xa activity.

• Clinical signs are not useful for detecting DVT in critically ill COVID-19 patients. • DVT occurs despite full dose anticoagulation in critically ill COVID-19 patients. • Severe COVID-19 patients present a high prevalence of bilateral DVT.

Excerpts from the documents of Mexican positions and recommendations in cardiovascular diseases and COVID-19.

The recommendations in which the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) in conjunction with the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) as well as different Mexican medical associations linked to cardiology are presented, after a comprehensive and consensual review and analysis of the topics related to cardiovascular diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific positions are analyzed and responsible recommendations on general measures are given to patients, with personal care, healthy eating, regular physical activity, actions in case of cardio-respiratory arrest, protection of the patient and health personnel as well as precise indications in the use of non-invasive cardiovascular imaging, prescription of medications, care in specific topics such as systemic arterial hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias and acute coronary syndromes, in addition to emphasizing electrophysiology, interventionism, cardiac surgery and in cardiac rehabilitation. The main interest is to provide the medical community with a general orientation on what to do in daily practice and patients with cardiovascular diseases in the setting of this unprecedented epidemiological crisis of COVID-19.

Idarucizumab to revert the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran in traumatic acute subdural haematoma: a case report of first use in Latin America.

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are an attractive alternative over vitamin K antagonists. They have several advantages in primary and secondary prevention of thromboembolisms due to atrial fibrillation, as well as in prevention and treatment of thromboembolic venous disease. They have fast onset action, do not need laboratory controls in patients with normal renal function, and they have practically no interference with the patient's diet or medications.

Resource Utilization and Costs Associated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention When Treating Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Mexican National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez".

Background: The treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a frequent intervention with a high economic impact.

Objective: This study investigates the resource use and cost of PCI in Mexico where heart disease is a leading cause of death, and a large segment of the population does not have formal healthcare coverage.

Methods: This retrospective observational study obtained resource utilization data from patient files and itemized costs from the pharmacy registry at the National Institute of Cardiology.

Pharmacogenetic Variation in Over 100 Genes in Patients Receiving Acenocumarol.

Coumarins are widely prescribed worldwide, and in Mexico acenocumarol is the preferred form. It is well known that despite its efficacy, coumarins show a high variability for dose requirements. We investigated the pharmacogenetic variation of 110 genes in patients receiving acenocumarol using a targeted NGS approach.

On New Spain and Mexican medicinal botany in cardiology.

Towards the middle of the XVI century, the empirical physician Martín de la Cruz, in New Spain, compiled a catalogue of the local medicinal herbs and plants, which was translated into Latin by Juan Badiano, professor at the Franciscan college of Tlatelolco. On his side, Dr. Francisco Hernández, the royal physician (protomédico) from 1571 until 1577, performed a systematic study of the flora and fauna in this period.

A saint in the history of Cardiology.

Niels Stensen (1638-1686) was born in Copenhagen. He took courses in medicine at the local university under the guidance of Professor Thomas Bartholin and later at Leiden under the tutelage of Franz de la Boë (Sylvius). While in Holland, he discovered the existence of the parotid duct, which was named Stensen's duct or stenonian duct (after his Latinized name Nicolaus Stenon).

How electricity was discovered and how it is related to cardiology.

We relate the fundamental stages of the long road leading to the discovery of electricity and its uses in cardiology. The first observations on the electromagnetic phenomena were registered in ancient texts; many Greek and Roman writers referred to them, although they provided no explanations. The first extant treatise dates back to the XIII century and was written by Pierre de Maricourt during the siege of Lucera, Italy, by the army of Charles of Anjou, French king of Naples.

[On the vaccination before and after Jenner].

The expression "inoculation" of smallpox was first employed by doctor Emanuel Timone, native of the Greek island of Chios and graduated from the Universities of Padua and Oxford. This method was largely employed in the XVIII century. Nevertheless, in 1798, the English physician Edward Jenner published the results of his observartions and his own experience with "vaccination", i.

[On Mexican medicinal plants].

During the XVIII century, two Spanish scientific expeditions arrived here led, respectively, by the naturalist Martín Sessé and by the Italian mariner Alessandro Malaspina di Mulazzo, dependent from the Spanish Government. The members collected a rich scientific material, which was carried to Madrid in 1820. At the end of XVIII century, the Franciscan friar Juan Navarro depicted and described several Mexican medicinal plants in the fifth volume of his "American Garden".

[On human morphological studies in New Spain and in Mexico of nineteenth century].

The renewed anatomical studies reached a culmination in the XVI century allowing the discovery of the pulmonary blood circulation and later of the systemic blood circulation. The XVII century saw the coming of microscopic anatomy and the XVIII witness the systematization of pathological anatomy. These studies will be impelled during following century toward the clinical-anatomical comparison.

[The centennial of blood coagulation doctrine].

For centuries, the mystery surrounding blood coagulation stimulated the curiosity of researchers. The knowledge about this function has increased notably in the last century and has permitted to understand numerous physiopatho logical phenomena in several hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases, and has made it possible to develop diverse drugs of proved efficacy for prevention and therapy. All this was initiated in 1905, when Paul Morawitz published an extensive monograph on the four factors of blood coagulation known until then (fibrinogen, thrombin, thrombokinase, and calcium).

[Tobacco and tobacco use disorder in the history of Mexico and Europe].

The tobacco used for a long time by American and Caribbean natives was introduced into Europe at the end of XV century, and essentially during the XVI century, by travelers returning to their Fatherlands. After the tobacco industry was organized, several concerns arose regarding medical and social care for the workers in the tobacco factories. Medical and hygienic aspects were reflected in a whole chapter (the XVII) of the Ramazzini's Treatise on Medicine of Work, published in 1700.

[Evolution of the knowledge on the blood and its movement. Part two. The knowledge about its composition. Iatrochemistry of the blood].

To know the composition of blood and the benefits rendered by its components to life has been a question that for centuries stimulated the curiosity of researchers. Each of the human knowledge eras has provided its own explanation and gradually contributed with a series of discoveries, which by accumulating, have allowed to explain the physiological processes of this fluid, considered like vital since the most remote times. From being one more of the four humors that constitute living matter, according to ancient medicine, blood became, during seventeenth century, a mixture of fluids and diverse particles moved incessantly by the action of the heart.

[Evolution of knowledge on blood and its movement. 1st Part. Integration of circulatory doctrine. Iatrophysics of blood].

Under the light of the evolution of human knowledge, we present a short historic outline of the integrating steps of the blood circulation doctrine and its components, a starting point for ulterior studies on the function of blood in the economy of an organism. The different steps of the process leading to the integration and diffusion of the blood circulation doctrine are described. These go from the first descriptions of the heart structures by authors of the ancient world to the careful anatomical observations of Renaissance scientists, such as Leonardo da Vinci.