Quality of Life of Hematological Neoplasm Survivors After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess changes in the quality of life (QoL) of patients with hematological neoplasms who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), identify factors influencing these changes, and quantify the associated monetary value.

Methods: A total of 122 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients participated in the study completing a recall survey with questions about 3 different stages: (1) pre-HSCT (baseline), (2) 6 months post-transplantation, and (3) between the first and fifth post-transplantation years. The study first estimated the incremental variation in QoL between phases and conducted regression analyses to identify factors linked to QoL changes.

Mortality risk factors in the dependent population of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) before and during the first COVID-19 wave.

The coronavirus disease pandemic has had an important impact worldwide. The population aged over 65 years and aged dependent persons are the population groups which have suffered in a highest level the consequences of the pandemic in terms of cases and death. In Spain, the situation is similar to other countries, but regional studies are needed because competencies on long-term care depend on regional public administration.

The recovery and resilience plan on the long-term care system. Towards a deinstitutionalization?

Introduction: After the crisis caused by Covid-19, among other socioeconomic problems, the fragility of the organizations that make up the Spanish Long-Term Care System was revealed. These events prompted the Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP). The aim of this study is to estimate the socioeconomic impact on Long-Term Care (LTC) of the investment delivered by the RRP.

Catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for dental treatment: regional evidence from Spain.

Background: To estimate the incidence and concentration of catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for healthcare and dental treatment, by region in Spain (calculated as the proportion of households needing to exceed a given threshold of their income to make these payments) in 2008, 2011 and 2015.

Methods: The data analysed were obtained from the Spanish Family Budget Survey reports for the years in question. The study method was that proposed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer (2003), contrasting payments for dental treatment versus household income and considering thresholds of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, thus obtaining incidence rates.

Sociodemographic and health factors associated with the risk of financial catastrophe when informal care for patients with haematological neoplasms is replaced by formal care.

Background: Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest incidence and mortality in the world, and one that requires greater care (formal and informal). At present, the traditional informal caregiver is disappearing. The objective is to analyse the sociodemographic and health factors associated with the possible catastrophic financial effect on households of replacing informal care by formal care for patients with blood cancer, during the different stages of treatment in Spain.

Catastrophic household expenditure associated with out-of-pocket payments for dental healthcare in Spain.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of catastrophic health expenditure due to dental healthcare (CHED) in Spain, quantify its intensity and examine the related sociodemographic household characteristics.

Methods: Data from the Spanish Household Budget Survey, which addresses more than 20,000 households each year for the period 2008-2015 were included, and the methodology proposed by Wagstaff and van Doorslaer was followed. The prevalence (number of households that devote more than a certain threshold of their income to such payments) and intensity (amount that exceeds a certain percentage of income) were estimated.

Impact of implementation of the Dependency Act on the Spanish economy: an analysis after the 2008 financial crisis.

The aim of this paper is to assess the industry-wide impact of Long-Term Care (LTC) spending on the Spanish economy. LTC spending includes beneficiaries' copayment and the impact is quantified in terms of output, employment and value added. To this purpose, we use an input-output model of the Spanish economy that allows us to further describe how the value added generated is distributed throughout the economy according to the existing benefit-mix (in kind services, cash benefit for informal care and cash benefit for personal assistance).

Healthcare failure mode and effects analysis and cost‑minimization analysis of three pharmaceutical services.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to analyze and compare three different medication delivery methods used by the outpatient care unit of a hospital pharmacy, namely health center collection, community pharmacy collection and home delivery. The secondary purpose was to compare the economic cost of those methods for the Spanish health service.

Method: A failure mode and effects analysis was carried out to attain the primary objective.

Catastrophic Household Expenditure Associated with Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Payments in Spain.

Background: The financial effect of households' out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use of health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially in emerging or developing countries. However, it has been the subject of little research in European countries, and is almost nonexistent after the financial crisis of 2008. The aim of the work is to analyze the incidence and intensity of financial catastrophism derived from Spanish households' out-of-pocket payments associated with health care during the period 2008-2015.

The Challenge of Sustaining Long-term Care in Aging Societies: Lessons From Japan and Spain Comment on "Financing Long-term Care: Lessons From Japan".

This article compares the provision of long-term care (LTC) in Japan and Spain, two countries with similar demographic structures but which address the provision of LTCs in very different ways. Both countries provide universal LTC. However, Japan has developed a generous benefit package of formal services for dependents to alleviate the care burden on the family, but provides no cash benefits.

Shadow and extended shadow cost sharing associated to informal long-term care: the case of Spain.

Background: A large part of the long-term care is provided by non-professional caregivers, generally without any monetary payment but a value economic of time invested. The economic relevance of informal caregivers has been recognized in Spain; however, public provision may still be scarce. The objective of this paper is to estimate the economic burden associated with informal long-term care that should assume the families through a new concept of cost sharing that consider opportunity costs of time provided by informal caregivers.

Financial Catastrophism Inherent with Out-of-Pocket Payments in Long Term Care for Households: A Latent Impoverishment.

Unlabelled: Background Out-of-pocket (OOP) payments are configured as an important source of financing long-term care (LTC). However, very few studies have analyzed the risk of impoverishment and catastrophic effects of OOP in LTC. To estimate the contribution of users to the financing of LTC and to analyze the economic consequences for households in terms of impoverishment and catastrophism after financial crisis in Spain.

Catastrophic risk associated with out-of-pocket payments for long term care in Spain.

Objectives: This study analyses the financial burden associated with the introduction of copayment for long-term care (LTC) in Spain in 2012 for dependent individuals.

Material And Methods: We analyse and identify households for which the dependency-related out-of-pocket payment exceeds the defined catastrophic threshold (incidence), and the gap between the copayment and the threshold for the catastrophic copayment (intensity), for the full population sample and for subsamples based on the level of long-term care dependency and on regional characteristics (regional income and political ideology of party ruling the region).

Results: The results obtained show there is a higher risk of impoverishment due to copayment among relatively well-off dependents, although the financial burden falls more heavily on less well-off households.

Catastrophic long-term care expenditure: associated socio-demographic and economic factors.

Objective: An increasing number of persons across the world require long-term care (LTC). In Spain, access to LTC involves individuals incurring out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure. There is a large body of literature on the incidence of catastrophic OOP payments in access and participation in health systems, but not in the field of LTC nor the determinants of these expenses.

The impact of Dependency Act benefits on employment.

Objective: To assess the amount of employment generated from the effective development of the Dependency Act in 2012, by evaluating the number of jobs depending on whether in-kind services or cash benefits were applied.

Methods: The level and total costs of dependency were obtained by using the Survey on Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations of 2008. The consumption of dependent households was collected from the Household Budget Survey of 2012 carried out by the Spanish Statistics Institute.

Catastrophic financial effect of replacing informal care with formal care: a study based on haematological neoplasms.

Informal care is a substantial source of support for people with cancer. However, various studies have predicted its disappearance in the near future. The aim of this study is to analyse the catastrophic effect resulting from the substitution of informal care with formal care in patients with blood cancer throughout the different stages of treatment.

[Costs of health services associated with fruit and vegetable consumption habits].

Introduction: healthy eating habits, such as the consumption of fruits and vegetables, allow better health and, consequently, reduce the consumption of health resources. It is important to establish a relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and the use of health services in the Spanish population to consider the need to intervene.

Methods: the European Health Survey in Spain for 2014 was used, and the possible existence of differences in access and visit frequency to the family physician, specialist physician and emergency services depending on fruits and vegetables consumption habits was assessed through Hurdle models.

[The co-payment of the dependence from the structural reform of 2012 in Spain].

Objective: The objective of this piece of work is to establish the cost of dependency and the cost of financing it. Specifically, we will determine the cost of co-payment for individual users following the modification introduced by the 13th of July 2012 Resolution as well as its allocation by the autonomous regions.

Methods: The degree and level of dependency was established using the Survey on Disability, Personal Autonomy and Dependency Situations, 2008.

The Valuation of Informal Care in Cost-of-Illness Studies: A Systematic Review.

Background: There is a growing interest in incorporating informal care in cost-of-illness studies as a relevant part of the economic impact of some diseases.

Objective: The aim of this paper was to review the recent literature valuating the costs of informal care in a group of selected diseases from 2005 to 2015.

Methods: We carried out a systematic review on the economic impact of informal care, focusing on six selected diseases: arthritis or osteoarthritis, cancer, dementia, mental diseases, multiple sclerosis and stroke.

[Economic impact of informal care after the establishment of the law of dependence in Spain].

Background: The Law of Dependence keeps the informal caregiver´s role, incorporating a specific economic benefit. The aims of this work are 1) to analyze the effect of the Law on informal care existence, and 2) to value the economic impact in the Law, disaggregated by financier.

Methods: A cross-section study has been conducted from a representative sample of the dependent population in Cuenca (Spain) in February, 2009.

[The role of informal care in individualized care plan delivery: a conditional choice for dependent people].

Objectives: To analyze the relationship between sociodemographic and health variables (including informal care) and the healthcare service delivery assigned in the individualized care plan.

Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of the dependent population in Cuenca (Spain) in February, 2009. Information was obtained on people with level II and III dependency.

[Socio-demographic and health factors associated with the institutionalization of dependent people].

Background: The analysis of the effect that different variables have in the probability that dependent people are institutionalized is a topic scantily studied in Spain. The aim of the work is to analyze as certain socio-demographic and health factors can influence probability of dependent person living in a residence.

Methods: A cross-section study has been conducted from a representative sample of the dependent population in Cuenca (Spain) in February, 2009.