Sexual function after surgery for prostate or bladder cancer.

Background: Compromised sexual function is often a side effect for patients following radical surgical procedures for bladder or prostate cancer.

Methods: The authors review the classification and physiology of sexual function and dysfunction. Moreover, they explain the possible pathophysiology directly resulting from surgery, and they discuss several approaches available to address these problems.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is upregulated in an endotoxin-induced model of bladder inflammation in rats.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine found in epithelial cells as preformed stores, such that MIF release can activate innate immune responses. Our identification of MIF stores in the urothelium suggests that MIF may function in the bladder's initial response to infectious stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To test this hypothesis, we observed changes in MIF, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and c-fos in the bladder, L6-S1 spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and major pelvic ganglion (MPG) and MIF changes in the prostate following intravesical LPS.

Hydrochloric acid induced changes in macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the bladder, peripheral and central nervous system of the rat.

Purpose: We established the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the bladder and in nervous system structures innervating the bladder, and evaluated changes in MIF and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein levels and expression following chemical cystitis.

Materials And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and a catheter was introduced into the bladder dome. Cystitis was induced by infusing 0.

Central effects of clozapine in regulating micturition in anesthetized rats.

Background: We previously showed that systemic administration of the atypical neuroleptic clozapine in the rat altered a number of urodynamic variables and inhibited the external urethral sphincter. Since clozapine acts at several receptor types both at the periphery and the central nervous system, the site of action remained uncertain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of central administration of clozapine on the bladder and the external urethral sphincter during cystometry and to examine differences in spinal versus supraspinal administration.