[Acute flaccid myelitis and enterovirus infection: a severe emerging disease].

Unlabelled: Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by acute asymmetric weakness of the limbs associated with lesions of the gray matter of the spinal cord. It mainly affects children and has been increasingly identified since 2014.

Objective: To describe a severe emerging neurological disease in Chile.

Retrospective study of poisoned patients admitted to a hospital's pediatric intensive care unit in Chile.

Introduction: Pediatric poisoning is a public health problem worldwide. The objective of this study was to establish the characteristics of pediatric cases of poisoning seen at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a hospital in Chile.

Population And Methods: The medical records of patients diagnosed with poisoning and admitted to the PICU between 2013 and 2017 were reviewed.

Comparison of Interleukin-6 Plasma Concentration in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Pediatric Sepsis.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is thought to be driven by a post-viral dysregulated immune response, where interleukin 6 (IL-6) might have a central role. In this setting, IL-6 inhibitors are prescribed as immunomodulation in cases refractory to standard therapy. To compare plasma IL-6 concentration between critically ill children with MIS-C and sepsis.

Therapeutic plasma exchange in critically ill children: experience of the pediatric intensive care unit of two centers in Chile.

Introduction: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal blood purification technique used in a wide spectrum of diseases. We aim to review the indications, complications, and outcomes of critically ill children who received TPE and to compare a membrane versus centrifugal method in this cohort.

Methods: A retrospective observational study in two pediatric intensive care units in Chile during eight years (2011-2019) Results: A total of 36 patients underwent 167 TPE sessions (20 centrifugation and 16 membrane-based).

Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Associated With SARS-CoV-2: A Case Series Quantitative Systematic Review.

Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (PIMS-TS) is infrequent, but children might present as a life-threatening disease. In a systematic quantitative review, we analyzed 11 studies of PIMS-TS, including 468 children reported before July 1, 2020. We found a myriad of clinical features, but we were able to describe common characteristics: previously healthy school-aged children, persistent fever and gastrointestinal symptoms, lymphopenia, and high inflammatory markers.

[Vitamin D and pediatrics respiratory diseases].

The better understanding of the global activity of vitamin D has led to an intense search for its involvement in non-skeletal diseases. This article presents an updated review of the relationship between vitamin D and pediatric respiratory pathology. A literature search was performed in PUBMED using free terms and MESH terms: vitamin D, asthma, respiratory system diseases, and bronchiolitis.

[Vitamin D deficiency in children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit].

Introduction: Vitamin D is essential for bone health, as well as for cardiovascular and immune function. In critically ill adults vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is common, and is associated with sepsis and higher critical illness severity.

Objectives: To establish the prevalence of VDD and its association with clinically relevant outcomes in children admitted to a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) in Concepcion, Chile.

[Predictive value of procalcitonin in children with suspected sepsis].

Introduction: The use of biomarkers could be a tool for diagnosis, prognosis and stratifying children with sepsis. Our main goal was to analyze the value of procalcitonin (PCT), C reactive protein (CRP) and lactate in predicting mortality, septic shock and the stratification in children with suspected sepsis

Patients And Method: Prospective study in 81 patients. Plasma levels of PCT, CRP and lactate were measured at admission in the pediatric intensive care unit.

[Procalcitonin for the diagnosis of late onset sepsis in newborns of very low birth weight].

Unlabelled: Procalcitonin (PCT), a prohormone of calcitonin has been described as a specific biomarker of sepsis.

Objectives: To compare the predictive value of PCT, C reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) for the diagnosis of late onset sepsis (LOS) in very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates.

Methods: We prospectively determined the serum concentration of PCT, CRP and WBC in 53 VLBW newborns with clinical suspicion of LOS.

[Genotyping and antibacterial resistance of Campylobacter spp strains isolated in children and in free range poultry].

Poultry is a main reservoir and source of human infection in campylobacteriosis. Three hundred and forty one stool samples (291 human, 50 avian) were analyzed. In the human group, 220 samples were collected from children with acute diarrheal disease (183 inpatients, 37 outpatients) and 71 from healthy children.

[Acute encephalopathy and brain death in a child with influenza A (H1N1) during the 2009 pandemic].

Since the World Health Organization declared a pandemic of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus, much attention has been focused on its respiratory manifestations, but limited information regarding neurologic complications has been reported in children. We describe a case of acute encephalopathy progressing to brain death in a pediatric patient with confirmed infection with novel influenza A (H1N1).

[Necrotizing fasciitis of the eyelids and toxic shock syndrome due to Streptococcus pyogenes].

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a serious infection that compromises subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and adipose tissue, with high mortality rate and sequelae. Extremities, trunk and pelvis are the most common body sites affected. Periorbital celullitis with necrotizing fasciitis of the eyelid is rare.

[Subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis].

Subdural empyema is a rare complication of sinusitis in children. Its clinical presentation represents a neurosurgical emergency and as a scarcely recognized entity a delayed diagnosis rapidly increases its fatal prognosis. We report the clinical and radiological course of an adolescent with a subdural empyema secondary to sinusitis.