Convergence between helminths and breast cancer: intratumoral injection of the excretory/secretory antigens of the human parasite (EST) increase lung macro and micro metastasis.

Introduction: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most important cancer in incidence and prevalence in women. Different risk factors interact to increase the probability of developing it. Biological agents such as helminth parasites, particularly their excretory/secretory antigens, may play a significant role in tumor development.