1-Benzoyl-3-(4-n-butyl-phen-yl)thio-urea.

The dihedral angle between the benzoyl and phenyl groups in the title compound, C(18)H(20)N(2)OS, is 30.57 (4)°. The crystal packing is characterized by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

1-Benzoyl-3-(2,4,5-trichloro-phen-yl)thio-urea.

The benzene and phenyl rings in the title compound, C(14)H(9)Cl(3)N(2)OS, form a dihedral angle of 40.98 (6)°. The mol-ecule exists in the thione form with typical thio-urea C-S [1.

Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro biological screening of some homoleptic copper(II) complexes with substituted guanidines.

A series of homoleptic copper(II) complexes (1a-8a) with N,N',N″-trisubstituted guanidines, [Cu(II){PhCONHC(NHR)NPh}(2)] (where R = phenyl (1a), n-butyl (2a), sec-butyl (3a), cyclohexyl (4a), 1-naphthyl (5a), 2,4-dichlorophenyl (6a), 3,4-dichlorophenyl (7a), and 3,5-dichlorophenyl (8a)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, UV-visible, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The X-ray crystal structures revealed that the complexes 2a and 4a are mononuclear in the solid state and that the geometry around the copper atom is nearly square planar. In both the cases, N,N',N″-trisubstituted guanidine ligands have been coordinated to the Cu(II) through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

Frequency and associated factors for care giving among elderly patients visiting a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To study frequency and associated factors for care giving among elderly patients visiting a teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted at the Community Health Centre (CHC), Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan from September to November 2009. All individuals, visiting the CHC and aged 65 years or above were interviewed after taking written informed consent.

Treatment of severe neutropenia with high-dose pyridoxine in a patient with chronic graft versus host disease and squamous cell carcinoma: a case report.

Introduction: The differential diagnosis of neutropenia includes medications, infections, autoimmune diseases, and deficiencies of Vitamin B12 and folate. The association of Vitamin B6 deficiency with severe neutropenia is a rare finding.

Case Presentation: A 51-year-old Caucasian woman presented with fever and profound neutropenia (48 neutrophils/uL).

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of photodegradation of a diazo compound: a mechanistic study.

The photolytic degradation of the diazo dye, Amido Black, using UV/H(2)O(2) has been carried out experimentally and parameters for most efficient dye degradation have been determined. The degradation of the dye was followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HPLC, and LC-MS and is proposed to be initiated by ()OH radicals formed by the photolysis of H(2)O(2). A detailed study was also carried out using LC-MS and LC-MS/MS to determine the degradation pathway of the dye as well as to identify some of the intermediate products formed.

Synthesis, structural characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity and anti-bacterial activity of some copper(I) complexes with N,N'-disubstituted thioureas.

A series of copper(I) complexes of N,N'-disubstituted thioureas, [C(6)H(5)CONHCSNHR]Cu(I)Cl where R=C(6)H(5) (1a), 2-ClC(6)H(4) (2a), 3-ClC(6)H(4) (3a), 4-ClC(6)H(4) (4a), 2,3-Cl(2)C(6)H(3) (5a), 2,4-Cl(2)C(6)H(3) (6a), 2,5-Cl(2)C(6)H(3) (7a), 2,6-Cl(2)C(6)H(3) (8a), 3,4-Cl(2)C(6)H(3) (9a) and 3,5-Cl(2)C(6)H(3) (10a) have been synthesized. These complexes (1a-10a) have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and single crystal XRD for 1a and 8a, and for ligand 7. The X-ray crystal structures reveal that the complexes 1a and 8a are mononuclear in the solid state in which the copper atoms adopt a distorted tetrahedral geometry.

Radiation induced degradation of dyes--an overview.

Synthetic dyes are a major part of our life. Products ranging from clothes to leather accessories to furniture all depend on extensive use of organic dyes. An unfortunate side effect of extensive use of these chemicals is that huge amounts of these potentially carcinogenic compounds enter our water supplies.

Mesenteric panniculitis with pedal edema in a 33-year-old Pakistani man: a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare pathology of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation and fibrosis in the mesentery. Its protean clinical and radiological manifestations make it a diagnostic challenge. There is no established treatment available for its management.

Post-infarct cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome: a case report.

Post Infarct cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome is a rare disorder, characterized by cognitive impairment in the domains of memory, language, visuo-spatial functioning and affect after cerebellar stroke. We report a case of young female who developed mood alteration and cognitive disturbance following isolated cerebellar infarct. We, therefore, advocate a potential role of cerebellum in regulation of cognition and behaviour in humans.

Solvatochromic behavior on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of Rose Bengal dye in various solvents.

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of Rose Bengal dye were studied in various solvents. It was found that solvent effects on the absorption wavelength are consistent with the solvatochromic model of Kamlet, Abboud and Taft. The solvent polarizability value pi* was found to have a linear relationship with the absorption wavelength of the dye in various solvents.

Solvent effect on the spectral properties of Neutral Red.

Background: The study was aimed at investigating the effect of various solvents on the absorption spectra of Neutral Red, a dye belonging to the quinone-imine class of dyes. The solvents chosen for the study were water, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, propan-1-ol, chloroform, nitrobenzene, ethyleneglycol, acetic acid, DMSO and DMF.

Results: The results have shown that the absorption maxima of dyes are dependent on solvent polarity.

Determination of optimum operating conditions of carmine decoloration by UV/H2O2 using response surface methodology.

In this study, the photolytic decoloration of carmine (C.I. Natural Red 4) via UV radiation in the presence of H2O2 was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).

Photolytic decolorization of Rose Bengal by UV/H(2)O(2) and data optimization using response surface method.

Rose Bengal (C.I. name is Acid Red 94) was irradiated with UV light in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.

Correlation of perfusion and contractility of left ventricle myocardium on gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.

Background: Gated Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) is a modality which is helpful in the detection of wall motion, thickening and ejection fraction of left ventricle. The purpose of this study was to correlate the ungated and gated SPECT in evaluation of left ventricle dysfunction.

Method: It was a prospective study done at Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (IRNUM), Peshawar, in 2001/02.

Knowledge and attitudes about health research amongst a group of Pakistani medical students.

Background: Health research training is an important part of medical education. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding health research in a group of Pakistani medical students at Aga Khan University, Karachi.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional pilot study conducted among a group of Pakistani medical students.

An audit of postoperative minor complications of anesthesia.

Objective: To look at minor complications attributable to anesthesia in adult surgical patients at our Institution and to identify various contributing factors.

Design: Descriptive cross sectional audit.

Setting: Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Positive selection of a gene family during the emergence of humans and African apes.

Gene duplication followed by adaptive evolution is one of the primary forces for the emergence of new gene function. Here we describe the recent proliferation, transposition and selection of a 20-kilobase (kb) duplicated segment throughout 15 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. The dispersal of this segment was accompanied by considerable variation in chromosomal-map location and copy number among hominoid species.

Anatomical variations of internal jugular vein as seen by "Site Rite II" ultrasound machine--an initial experience in Pakistani population.

Objective: To determine the anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein (IJV) in Pakistani adult population with the help of Site Rite II ultrasound machine.

Material And Method: The right IJV relation to the carotid artery was visualized at four different landmarks (angle of the mandible, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and the supraclavicular area). Size of IJV in comparison to carotid artery was also seen.

ZNF198-FGFR1 transforms Ba/F3 cells to growth factor independence and results in high level tyrosine phosphorylation of STATS 1 and 5.

The ZNF198- FGFR1 fusion gene arises as a result of the t(8;13)(p11;q12) in the 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome. To determine the transforming properties of this chimeric protein we transfected ZNF198-FGFR1 into the interleukin (IL)-3 dependent cell line Ba/F3. Growth factor independent subclones were obtained in which ZNF198-FGFR1, STAT1, and STAT5 were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated, as determined by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis.