An anesthesia information system for monitoring and record keeping during surgical anesthesia.

We have developed an anesthesia information system (AIS) that supports the anesthesiologist in monitoring and recording during a surgical operation. In development of the system, emphasis was placed on providing an anesthesiologist-computer interface that can be adapted to typical situations during anesthesia and to individual user behavior. One main feature of this interface is the integration of the input and output of information.

Determination of the permeability of human lymphocytes with a microscope diffusion chamber.

A diffusion chamber similar to that proposed by J.J. McGrath (J.

Low temperature light microscopy and its application to study freezing in aqueous solutions and biological cell suspensions.

The freezing of biological cell suspensions can be understood in terms of ice formation in the external suspension medium and the cellular reactions to the changing environment. Cryomicroscopy allows a quantitative analysis of both categories of phenomena. Besides freezing stages of appropriate thermal design, the components used for that purpose include a microcomputer (PSI 80) based control system, an image analysis system (Intellect 100) and a spectrophotometer (MPV compact).

Myocardial infarction and thrombolysis. Electrocardiographic short term and long term results using precordial mapping.

In a consecutive series of 56 patients with acute myocardial infarction, ST segment depression and elevation in the electrocardiographic limb leads I, II, and III were summated for each patient before and immediately after intracoronary streptokinase infusion and the results compared with the angiographic findings. Forty three patients had angiographically confirmed reperfusion of an initially occluded vessel and showed a significant decrease in summated ST shift. The ST segment changes in the limb leads virtually returned to normal in all 43 patients, and in most, inverted T waves developed.

[Electrocardiogram in acute anterior wall infarct after restoration of the blood supply].

Changes in QRS complexes and ST-T segments were measured in 70 patients after acute anterior-wall myocardial infarction. Intracoronary streptokinase infusion was undertaken in the acute phase in 58 patients, 12 other patients treated conventionally without infusion serving as controls. Precordial ECG mapping employed 48 unipolar precordial leads.

On the origin of terpenes in symbiotic associations between marine invertebrates and algae (zooxanthellae). Culture studies and an application of 13C/12C isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

13C/12C ratios of sets of compounds, algal sterols and terpenes, isolated from dinoflagellate symbiont (zooxanthellae)-bearing soft corals and gorgonians were determined. In most cases, a significant difference was found between the delta 13C values of the terpenes and of the algal sterols from the same set, the algal sterols containing less 13C than the terpenes. These results can only be explained if terpenes are synthesized by the host.

Decontamination of insecticides in natural drugs with supercritical carbon dioxide.

The lipophilic insecticides DDT and HCH in sennae leaves and pods are removable by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide in the pressure region at 100 bar. The effective ingredients, the sennosides, are not extracted and remain in the drug of which they can be easily extracted with water.

On-line monitoring of multiple precordial leads in high risk patients with coronary artery disease--a pilot study.

In a pilot study, a computerized precordial mapping system monitored ischaemia on-line in 50 patients (40 with acute myocardial infarction and 10 with unstable angina, class IV (Canadian Cardiovascular Society). All had ST-segment depression or elevation greater than or equal to 0.2 mV in one or more precordial leads when they were admitted to our coronary care unit.

[Diagnostic value of changes in the R-amplitude of the stress ECG compared to the ST-segment depression in patients with significant coronary vessel stenoses].

Exercise electrocardiograms were registered in 50 patients with significant coronary artery stenosis (lumen narrowing greater than or equal to 70%) and in 20 controls without cardiac disease using automated registration (mapping). All patients had a normal ECG at rest and typical angina. ST-segment depression of more than 0.

Ergonomic design aspects in interaction between man and technical systems in medicine.

Technical systems in medical applications reach a complexity level where man-system-interface design on the basis of ergonomic principles and guidelines becomes mandatory. Personnel, equipment, environmental, and system ergonomics can be identified as the main areas of ergonomic research. Ergonomics in medicine considers the physician-patient-machine relationship in a specific task environment.

Hydrothermal Vent Clam and Tube Worm 13C/12C: Further Evidence of Nonphotosynthetic Food Sources.

The stable carbon isotope ratios in clam mantle tissues taken from both Galápagos and 21 degrees N hydrothermal vent sites were similar to the unusually low ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12 previously reported for a Galápagos hydrothermal vent mussel. In marked contrast to these bivalves, vestimentiferan worm tissues from a Galápagos vent had isotope ratios that were higher than those of open ocean biota. These observations suggest that more than one nonpelagic and nonphotosynthetic carbon fixation pathway is of nutritional importance to vent animals, and that at least one of these pathways is common to two geographically separated vent sites.

Use of C/C to trace dissolved and particulate organic matter utilization by populations of an aquatic invertebrate.

The C/C of limnephilid caddisfly larvae (Clistoronia magnifica) grown in the presence of red alder leaf particulate organic matter (POM) and alder leaf leachate was found to be identical to the C/C of larvae grown on alder POM, but with isotopically contrasting grass leachate substituted for the above alder leachate. The isotopic similarity between these insects and the alder POM common in both treatments indicates that grass leachate was not a source of insect carbon. In contrast to these results, the C/C of larvae grown on grass POM and leachate was markedly different from the C/C of larvae raised on grass POM and alder leachate.

Multi-electrode recording of Hoffman reflexes.

A multi-electrode system has been used to simultaneously record the H-reflex and M response from various locations on the gastrocnemius and soleus. With certain positions of the stimulating electrode in the popliteal fossa, large amplitude M responses were recorded in gastroenemius at a time when only low amplitude H-reflexes were recorded from soleus. These result not only reinforce the importance of casreful selection of the stimulation site but go further and suggest a definite need for the simultaneous monitoring of gastrocnemius and soleus responses to avoid contamination of the soleus H-reflex or its excitability cycle by the unwanted and unsuspected gastrocnemius M response.

QRS mapping in the evaluation of acute anterior myocardial infarction.

In 42 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction (AMI), we studied the course of Q-wave development and R-wave reduction during the first 48 hours after the onset of chest pain. We used precordial mapping in relation to clinical features, hemodynamic measurements and enzyme release. Q waves developed within 6-14 hours (mean 9 hours) after onset of symptoms.

Carbon-13 depletion in a hydrothermal vent mussel: suggestion of a chemosynthetic food source.

Tissues of a mytilid mussel from the Clambake I hydrothermal vent in the Galápagos Rift zone are strikingly depleted in carbon-13 relative to the tissues of other marine organisms. The stable carbon isotope composition of this mussel suggests that chemoautotrophic bacteria present in the hydrothermal waters are a major food source for filter-feeding organisms in this abyssal environment.