A new dihydropteroate synthase variant (V39I) from Papua, Indonesia.

Indonesia had the third highest number of new leprosy cases worldwide in 2017. This disease is still prevalent in Papua province, where the number of new cases in 2014 (3.0 cases per 10,000 people) is considered highly endemic and is well above the World Health Organization's (WHO) cutoff of <1 new case per 10,000 people.

Nitrate (NO3(-)) and nitrite (NO2(-)) are endocrine disruptors to downregulate expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and motor behavior through conversion to nitric oxide in early development of zebrafish.

With a view to consider the increasing concern over nitrogen pollution in the aquatic environment, we investigated effects of nitrate (NO3(-)) and nitrite (NO2(-)) on the activity of dopaminergic neuron in zebrafish embryos and larvae. Both nitrate and nitrite exposure decreased the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in dopaminergic neurons at 48hpf. Only nitrite decreased the response to tactile stimulation at 72hpf, whereas both nitrate and nitrite decreased the swimming activity at 6dpf.