Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal association between metabolite and skin cancer.

Skin cancer (SC) is a significant public health issue, with increasing incidence rates globally. Although environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) exposure are recognized risk factors, the impact of metabolites on SC development has not been thoroughly examined. This study seeks to explore the causal association between metabolites and SC risks using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Chemical Bonds Containing Hydrogen: Choices for Hydrogen Carriers and Catalysts.

Compounds containing B-H, C-H, N-H, or O-H bonds with high hydrogen content have been extensivley studied as potential hydrogen carriers. Their hydrogen storage performance is largely determined by the nature of these bonds, decomposition pathways and the properties of the dehydrogenation products. Among these compounds, methanol, cyclohexane, and ammonia stand out due to their low costs and established infrastructure, making them promising hydrogen carriers for large-scale storage and transport.

Dry suction versus wet suction of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy for diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions:a multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial.

Background And Aims: Conclusions regarding the suction techniques of EUS-FNB remain controversial. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the dry suction versus wet suction technique in solid pancreatic lesions (SPLs) and determine the optimal number of passes for EUS-FNB.

Methods: This investigation was conducted as a multicenter, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial.

Aortic Valve Calcification Is Induced by the Loss of ALDH1A1 and Can Be Prevented by Agonists of Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha: Preclinical Evidence for Drug Repositioning.

Background: To date, the only effective treatment of severe aortic stenosis is valve replacement. With the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement and extending indications to younger patients, the use of bioprosthetic valves (BPVs) has considerably increased. The main inconvenience of BPVs is their limited durability because of mechanisms similar as the fibro-calcifying processes observed in native aortic stenosis.

Exploring the knowledge, attitude, and practice of community pharmacists regarding pediatric asthma management in Guangdong Province, China: a cross-sectional survey study.

Background: Pediatric asthma is a common respiratory disease that significantly affects children's physical and mental health. This study aims to investigate community pharmacists' self-reported knowledge of asthma and explore their attitude and practice in providing pharmaceutical services to address the needs of pediatric asthma patients.

Methods: An online questionnaire informed by recent literature was distributed to community pharmacists in Guangdong Province, China via Qualtrics using convenience sampling and snowballing.

Cone beam CT (CBCT) in radiotherapy: Assessment of doses using a pragmatic setup in an international setting.

Introduction: The imaging modality kV CBCT on linear accelerators (linacs) is utilised to verify positioning and anatomy in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment. There is a need for optimisation of radiological protection in kV CBCT imaging protocols to avoid unnecessarily high exposures to normal tissues surrounding the target.

Methods: A network of ICRP mentees from 23 countries were surveyed for available dosimetry equipment.

Symmetry as a Fundamental Principle in Defining Gene Expression and Phenotypic Traits.

Symmetry refers to properties that remain invariant upon mathematical transformations. The principles of symmetry have guided numerous important discoveries in physics and chemistry but not in biology and medicine. Here, we aim to explore the presence of symmetry relationships at the gene expression level as a mean to distinguish between healthy and disease states.

Room temperature crystal field splitting of curium resolved by circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopy.

Coordination of Cm(iii) with a chiral decadentate ligand ,,','-tetrakis[(6-carboxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (tpadac) generated complexes with strong luminescence allowing for the unprecedented measurement of well-resolved Cm(iii) circularly polarized luminescence spectra. Quantitative resolution of the electronic structure of the [Cm(tpadac)][K] complexes was achieved at room temperature, highlighting the strength of the combination of luminescence and circularly polarized luminescence spectroscopies to unravel the fundamental electronic structure of Cm(iii). These results are a clear demonstration that these spectroscopies are powerful yet simple tools for the fundamental understanding of electronic structure, which opens the door to future investigations of other Cm(iii) complexes in geometries relevant to nuclear applications, and even other 5f-elements.

Epistasis of ERAP1 With 4 Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Alleles in Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: A Genome-Wide Association Study Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is an inflammatory and scarring form of hair loss of increasing prevalence that most commonly affects women. An improved understanding of the genetic basis of FFA will support the identification of pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

Objective: To identify novel genomic loci at which common genetic variation affects FFA susceptibility and assess nonadditive effects on genetic risk between susceptibility loci.

High-throughput in vitro drug screening and in vivo studies identify fenretinide as a brain-penetrant DMG therapeutic.

Background: Diffuse midline glioma, characterised by H3K27 alteration (DMG), is the predominant high-grade glioma in children. It commonly originates in the brainstem, yet effective treatments for these patients remain elusive.

Methods: To identify novel therapies for DMG, we conducted high-throughput drug screens (HTS) using biologically active, clinically approved compounds against DMG neurospheres.

Clinical and molecular assessment of cystic sellar salivary gland-like lesions.

Background: Symptomatic sellar salivary gland-like lesions (SSGLs) are uncommon, with fewer than two dozen case reports. Prior case reports have also not detailed pre- or postoperative endocrinopathies to determine if these lesions can be clinically distinguished prior to biopsy from Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs). In addition, prior molecular testing was attempted to provide further insights as to whether these might be developmental lesions or true neoplasms, but testing was unsuccessful.

Is Immediate Breast Reconstruction an Option for Elderly Women? A Comparative Study Between Elderly and Younger Population.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications (POC) in elderly patients (EP) compared to younger patients (YP) following immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) after total mastectomy (TM).

Methods: This retrospective study included patients treated at the Institut Universitaire of Cancer of Toulouse-Oncopole (IUCT-O) between January 2014 and May 2022. The primary outcome was the incidence of POC within 30 days postoperatively.

The role of hospital pharmacists in supporting the appropriate and safe use of CGT/ATMPs: a scoping review of current insights.

Background: The role of hospital pharmacists in managing cell and gene therapy (CGT) and advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) is gradually being recognized but the evidence about impact of their role has not been systematically reported.

Objective: This study was aimed to summarize the professional services provided by hospital pharmacists on managing CGT/ATMPs and the evidence about the effects on patient care, as well as to identify the perceptions about pharmacists assuming a role that supports the appropriate and safe use of CGT/ATMPs.

Methods: Literature from 4 electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus) were searched following PRISMA checklist to yield publications on the interventions provided by hospital pharmacists in the management of CGT/ATMPs dated since 1 January 2013 till 30 April 2023.

Region of Birth Differences in Medication Adherence among Patients with Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background And Purpose: Cultural and language barriers may affect quality of care, such as adherence to medications. We examined whether adherence to prevention medications within the year after stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) differed by the region of birth.

Methods: An observational study of adults with stroke/TIA admitted to hospitals in the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (Queensland, Victoria; 2012-2016; n = 45 hospitals).

Using system dynamics modeling approach to strengthen health systems to combat cancer: a systematic literature review.

Aim: Dynamic cancer control is a current health system priority, yet methods for achieving it are lacking. This study aims to review the application of system dynamics modeling (SDM) on cancer control and evaluate the research quality.

Methods: Articles were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from the inception of the study to 15 November 2023.

Cost-effectiveness of camrelizumab plus rivoceranib versus sorafenib as first-line treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Recent advancements in targeted therapies have improved outcomes for advanced HCC, yet therapeutic options remain limited. The CARES-310 trial demonstrated that camrelizumab plus rivoceranib significantly improves survival compared to sorafenib for advanced HCC.

Machine learning derived retinal pigment score from ophthalmic imaging shows ethnicity is not biology.

Few metrics exist to describe phenotypic diversity within ophthalmic imaging datasets, with researchers often using ethnicity as a surrogate marker for biological variability. We derived a continuous, measured metric, the retinal pigment score (RPS), that quantifies the degree of pigmentation from a colour fundus photograph of the eye. RPS was validated using two large epidemiological studies with demographic and genetic data (UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk Study) and reproduced in a Tanzanian, an Australian, and a Chinese dataset.

Challenges and strategies of developing internet hospital: Combining qualitative interview and documentary research.

Objectives: As an innovative technology, internet hospitals have the potential to improve healthcare services. However, the pioneering nature of internet hospitals means that they are still in the early stages of development. This study aimed to investigate the challenges and strategies involved in establishing internet hospitals by public medical institutions in China.

Long-Term Clinical and Economic Effects of Switching to Once-Weekly Semaglutide from Other GLP-1 RAs Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in China: A Modeling Projection Study.

Introduction: Previous studies, using clinical trial data, demonstrated that once-weekly (OW) semaglutide is dominant versus other glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in China. This study aims to evaluate the long-term clinical and economic effects of switching to OW semaglutide from other GLP-1 RAs among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China.

Methods: The Institute of Health Economics Diabetes Cohort Model (IHE-DCM) was used to project life expectancy, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and total direct medical cost over 40 years from a Chinese healthcare system perspective.

An Automated Conversational Agent Self-Help Program: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Health promotion and growth-based interventions can effectively improve individual well-being; however, significant gaps in access and utilization still exist.

Objective: This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness and implementation of a new, widely targeted conversational agent prevention program (Zenny) designed to enhance well-being.

Methods: A total of 1345 individuals in the United States were recruited online and randomly assigned to either (1) a self-help program intervention delivered via an automated conversational agent on WhatsApp or (2) an active control group that had access to evidence-based wellness resources available online.

Implementation of a university-wide health-system collaborative to provide pharmacy preceptor development across multiple institutions.

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