Biomechanical variations in patients with flatfoot deformity: Impact of gender, age, and BMI on foot kinetics and kinematics.

Background: Flatfoot is considered by the collapse of the foot arch, altered biomechanics and impacting functional abilities. The biomechanical gait alteration of foot kinematics and kinetics in individuals with flatfoot, based on gender, age and Body mass index (BMI) in each cohort is unclear. This study explores how gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) impact distinct foot biomechanical characteristics, including ankle joint angle (Jc°), Ground force reaction angle (GFR°), Achilles tendon force (T), Ankle joint force (Jc) and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the gait stance phase, in flatfoot versus normal-foot individuals on Indian Population.