Minimising alarm pressure on a single room NICU through automated withdrawal of resolved alarms.

Aim: In 2017, the Leiden University Medical Centre implemented a secondary alarm system using handheld devices to ensure accurate patient monitoring on the single room NICU. Initially, alarms remained active on the handheld devices until one of the caregivers in the alarm chain accepted the alarm. In 2020, a bidirectional communication protocol (BCP) was implemented, enabling automated withdrawal of resolved alarms.

Identifying effect modifiers of systemic hydrocortisone treatment initiated 7-14 days after birth in ventilated very preterm infants on long-term outcome: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To explore clinical effect modifiers of systemic hydrocortisone in ventilated very preterm infants for survival and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years' corrected age (CA).

Design: Secondary analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Dutch and Belgian neonatal intensive care units.

Children Newly Diagnosed with Fetal and Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia: Neurodevelopmental Outcome at School Age.

Objective: To evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcome at school age in children newly diagnosed with fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT).

Study Design: This observational cohort study included children diagnosed with FNAIT between 2002 and 2014. Children were invited for cognitive and neurological testing.

Automated oxygen control for very preterm infants and neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years-a retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Faster resolution of hypoxaemic or hyperoxaemic events in preterm infants may reduce long-term neurodevelopmental impairment. Automatic titration of inspiratory oxygen increases time within the oxygen saturation target range and may provide a more prompt response to hypoxic and hyperoxic events. We assessed routinely performed follow-up at 2 years of age after the implementation of automated oxygen control (AOC) as standard care and compared this with a historical cohort.

Effect of systemic hydrocortisone in ventilated preterm infants on parent-reported behavioural outcomes at 2 years' corrected age: follow-up of a randomised clinical trial.

Objective: To report the parent-reported behavioural outcomes of infants included in the Systemic Hydrocortisone To Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in preterm infants study at 2 years' corrected age (CA).

Design: Randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Setting: Dutch and Belgian neonatal intensive care units.

Insecure attachment and internalizing behavior problems in growth discordant identical twins.

Background: Psychosocial development in monochorionic (MC) twins born after selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) has been unreported to date, despite its importance for daily functioning and future relationships.

Aims: To investigate psychosocial development, attachment and school functioning in MC twins with sFGR and compare outcomes with the general population and between smaller and larger twins.

Study Design: Observational cohort study.

Long-term effects of selective fetal growth restriction (LEMON): a cohort study of neurodevelopmental outcome in growth discordant identical twins in the Netherlands.

Background: Singletons born after fetal growth restriction (FGR) are at increased risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Studies of singletons with FGR usually compare outcomes with those without FGR, a comparison that is inherently biased by obstetrical, parental, and genetic factors. We aim to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes between the smaller and larger twin in a population of discordant identical twins who shared a single placenta (monochorionic diamniotic), naturally eliminating these confounders.

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome in children after antenatal intravenous immune globulin treatment in fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.

Background: Children with fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia face increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage potentially leading to developmental impairment. To prevent intracranial hemorrhage, pregnant women with alloantibodies against fetal platelets are often treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. Intravenous immunoglobulin seems effective in vastly reducing the risk of fetal or neonatal bleeding complications.

Neurodevelopmental Trajectories of Preterm Born Survivors of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: From Birth to 5 Years of Age.

Objective: To investigate the neurodevelopmental outcome at age 2 and 5 years in survivors of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with fetoscopic laser surgery and born premature and/or small for gestational age.

Study Design: At 2 and 5 years of age, standardized neurologic, motor, and cognitive assessments were performed by a neonatologist, a pediatric physical therapist, and a psychologist. Behavior was assessed using a validated questionnaire completed by parents.

Paediatric exhaled CO detector causes leaks.

Objective: To assess leakage caused by the Pedi-Cap.

Methods: Bench test I: Pedi-Caps were connected between the Neopuff and a test lung and placed underwater to detect the leak. Bench test II: the disposable Avea VarFlex Flow Transducer measured the leak.

Iatrogenic blood loss in extreme preterm infants due to frequent laboratory tests and procedures.

Objective: To evaluate the cumulative amount of iatrogenic blood loss in extreme preterm infants during the first month of life.

Study Design: We performed an observational cohort study in 20 extreme preterm infants (gestational age <28 weeks). We recorded the amount of blood drawn for laboratory testing during the first 4 weeks of life, the number of punctures for phlebotomy and intravenous access and the amount of blood loss associated with these procedures.

Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Is there still Room for Improvement?

Despite many developments in its management, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) remains an important risk factor for long-term neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI). Our objective was to compare the incidence of severe NDI in a recent cohort of TTTS survivors, treated with laser surgery from 2011 to 2014, with a previous cohort treated from 2008 to 2010. Neurological, cognitive, and motor development were assessed at two years of age.

Behavioural outcome in twin-twin transfusion syndrome survivors treated with laser surgery.

Objective: Evaluate the incidence of and risk factors for behavioural problems in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) survivors treated with fetoscopic laser coagulation.

Design: Observational cohort study.

Setting: National referral center for fetal therapy, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.

Inadvertent Migration of Umbilical Venous Catheters Often Leads to Malposition.

Background: Migration of umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) has been described anecdotally.

Objectives: The aim of this paper was to investigate migration of UVCs using ultrasonography (US).

Methods: In a prospective observational study, the position of UVCs was determined using serial US within 24 h, at midweek, and at the end of the week after umbilical catheterization.

Benefits of recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation: the providers' perspective.

Objective: To assess benefits of recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation as experienced by neonatal care providers.

Design: A qualitative study using semistructured interviews questioning neonatal care providers about their experiences with recording and reviewing neonatal resuscitation. Data were analysed using the qualitative data analysis software Atlas.

Correction: Putting genome-wide sequencing in neonates into perspective.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Pleuntje J. van der Sluijs, which was incorrectly given as Eline (P. J.

Putting genome-wide sequencing in neonates into perspective.

Purpose: Several studies have reported diagnostic yields up to 57% for rapid exome or genome sequencing (rES/GS) as a single test in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients, but the additional yield of rES/GS compared with other available diagnostic options still remains unquantified in this population.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all genetic NICU consultations in a 2-year period.

Results: In 132 retrospectively evaluated NICU consultations 27 of 32 diagnoses (84.

Sedation during minimal invasive surfactant therapy: a randomised controlled trial.

Background And Aims: Although sedation for endotracheal intubation of infants is widely adopted, there is no consensus whether sedation should be used for minimal invasive surfactant therapy (MIST). We compared, in a randomised controlled setting, the level of stress and comfort of preterm infants during MIST with and without receiving low-dose sedation.

Methods: Infants between 26 and 36 weeks gestational age were randomised to receive either low-dose sedation (1 mg/kg propofol intravenous) or no premedication during MIST procedure.

Correlation and Interchangeability of Venous and Capillary Blood Gases in Non-Critically Ill Neonates.

Background: Venous blood gas (VBG) is frequently used in the neonatal unit as alternative for capillary blood gas (CBG). However, studies reporting correlation are conflicting and data on interchangeability in neonates are lacking.

Objective: We investigated the correlation and interchangeability of the components between VBG and CBG in infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.

Monitoring Oxygenation and Gas Exchange in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Current Practice in the Netherlands.

Background: Although recommendations in oxygenation and gas exchange monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are available, little is known of the current practice.

Aim: To evaluate the current practice in oxygenation and gas exchange monitoring of the NICUs in the Netherlands.

Methods: An online survey-based questionnaire concerning preferences and current practice of monitoring oxygenation and gas exchange was sent out to all 107 neonatal staff members (neonatologists, neonatal fellows, and physician assistants) of the 10 NICUs in the Netherlands.

Compliance in oxygen saturation targeting in preterm infants: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: During oxygen therapy in preterm infants, targeting oxygen saturation is important for avoiding hypoxaemia and hyperoxaemia, but this can be very difficult and challenging for neonatal nurses. We systematically reviewed the qualitative and quantitative studies investigating the compliance in targeting oxygen saturation in preterm infants and factors that influence this compliance. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL and ScienceDirect from 2000 to January 2015.

Clinical and molecular characterization of an infant with a tandem duplication and deletion of 19p13.

Copy number variations (CNVs) on the short arm of chromosome 19 are relatively rare. We present a patient with a tandem de novo 3.9 Mb duplication of 19p13.

Post-transplantation encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in a young child.

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a very rare condition in children. Nevertheless, EPS should be considered when a child with a history of peritoneal dialysis (PD) presents with signs of bowel obstruction. We describe a child with post-transplantation EPS and discuss risk factors, diagnosis and treatment options.