Health care use and treatment-seeking for depression symptoms in rural India: an exploratory cross-sectional analysis.

Background: There is a large "treatment gap" for depression worldwide. This study aimed to better understand the treatment gap in rural India by describing health care use and treatment-seeking for depression.

Methods: Data were analysed from a two round cross-sectional community survey conducted in rural Madhya Pradesh between May 2013 and December 2016.

Healthcare utilization and out-of-pocket expenditures associated with depression in adults: a cross-sectional analysis in Nepal.

Background: Despite attempts to improve universal health coverage (UHC) in low income countries like Nepal, most healthcare utilization is still financed by out-of-pocket (OOP) payments, with detrimental effects on the poorest and most in need. Evidence from high income countries shows that depression is associated with increased healthcare utilization, which may lead to increased OOP expenditures, placing greater stress on families. To inform policies for integrating mental healthcare into UHC in LMIC, we must understand healthcare utilization and OOP expenditure patterns in people with depression.

Antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms and its clinical significance.

Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced. Antimicrobial agents use different mechanisms against bacteria to prevent their pathogenesis and they can be classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic.

Health service costs and their association with functional impairment among adults receiving integrated mental health care in five low- and middle-income countries: the PRIME cohort study.

This study examines the level and distribution of service costs-and their association with functional impairment at baseline and over time-for persons with mental disorder receiving integrated primary mental health care. The study was conducted over a 12-month follow-up period in five low- and middle-income countries participating in the Programme for Improving Mental health carE study (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Africa and Uganda). Data were drawn from a multi-country intervention cohort study, made up of adults identified by primary care providers as having alcohol use disorders, depression, psychosis and, in the three low-income countries, epilepsy.

A cross-sectional study of epidemiological factors related to road traffic accidents in a metropolitan city.

Background: Traffic injuries are one of the major causes of morbidity in India. It involves human sufferings in terms of physical, emotional, and financial losses to the individual, family, and the country. A better insight into the epidemiological determinants will help prevent such injuries.

Partnerships in a Global Mental Health Research Programme-the Example of PRIME.

Collaborative research partnerships are necessary to answer key questions in global mental health, to share expertise, access funding and influence policy. However, partnerships between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and high-income countries have often been inequitable with the provision of technical knowledge flowing unilaterally from high to lower income countries. We present the experience of the Programme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME), a LMIC-led partnership which provides research evidence for the development, implementation and scaling up of integrated district mental healthcare plans in Ethiopia, India, Nepal, South Africa and Uganda.

Disabilities in leprosy: an open, retrospective analyses of institutional records.

Background And Objectives: Leprosy remains a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy and disability in the world. Primary objective of the study was to determine the incidence of deformities present at a time of diagnosis and new deformities that patients develop over follow up period.

Material And Methods: An open, retrospective cohort study was performed at a tertiary medical center in western India.

Distance to health services and treatment-seeking for depressive symptoms in rural India: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Aims: Research from high-income countries has implicated travel distance to mental health services as an important factor influencing treatment-seeking for mental disorders. This study aimed to test the extent to which travel distance to the nearest depression treatment provider is associated with treatment-seeking for depression in rural India.

Methods: We used data from a population-based survey of adults with probable depression (n = 568), and calculated travel distance from households to the nearest public depression treatment provider with network analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

"Is there a medicine for these tensions?" Barriers to treatment-seeking for depressive symptoms in rural India: A qualitative study.

Unlabelled: Rationale and objective Fewer than 15% of adults who meet criteria for a depression diagnosis in India seek treatment for these symptoms. It is unclear whether this reflects limited supply of mental health services or lack of demand for medical intervention for these experiences. This paper aims to identify and describe self-reported barriers that contribute to this "treatment gap" in a rural district in central India, where depression treatment had recently become available in primary care facilities.

Vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo in people with First Episode psychosis - Neuroprotection Design (DFEND): a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.

Background: People experiencing their first episode of psychosis are often deficient in vitamin D. Observational studies have reported an association between low vitamin D concentrations and poorer subsequent health outcomes in psychosis. A vitamin D deficiency in neonates and children has been linked to a later increased risk of schizophrenia and psychotic-like experiences.

Effect of cosurfactant addition on phase behavior and microstructure of a water dilutable microemulsion.

This study reports a detailed characterization of a nonionic microemulsion (μE) composed of n-butylacetate/α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)/alcohol/water. Two approaches of expanding the monophasic area were explored; (i) addition of Pluronic® 123 (P123) in aqueous phase, and (ii) use of short chain alcohol (CHOH; n = 2-4) as cosurfactant. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using water titration method.

Hospital based serological evidence of rickettsial diseases and assessment diagnostic tests of pyrexia of unknown origin.

The present study examined hospital-based serological tests of rickettsial infections and assessment for diagnosis of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO). Blood samples were tested for Weil Felix antigens, ELISA for scrub typhus group and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of DNA of spotted and scrub typhus group with the help of specific oligonucleotide. We tested 450 patient samples and found 101 Weil Felix-positive with 15 having ≥320 titres.

Peer support for frequent users of inpatient mental health care in Uganda: protocol of a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Reducing readmissions among frequent users of psychiatric inpatient care could result in substantial cost savings to under-resourced mental health systems. Studies from high-income countries indicate that formal peer support can be an effective intervention for the reduction of readmissions among frequent users. Although in recent years formal peer support programmes have been established in mental health services in a few low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), they have not been rigorously evaluated.

Liraglutide and the management of overweight and obesity in people with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and first-episode psychosis: protocol for a pilot trial.

Background: People with severe mental illness (SMI) are two to three times more likely to be overweight and obese than the general population and this is associated with significant morbidity and premature mortality. Although lifestyle interventions can support people with SMI to lose weight, some are unable to make the necessary lifestyle changes or, despite making the changes, continue to gain weight.

Objective: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a full-scale trial evaluating whether liraglutide 3.

Teratoid Wilms' tumor of kidney with neural tissue predominant: Case report with review of literature.

Wilms' tumor is most common pediatric renal tumor. Teratoid Wilms' tumor is a variant of Wilms' tumor, in which heterologous tissue predominates. Most commonly, epithelial and mesenchymal tissue present as heterologous component.

Preparation of Platelet-rich Fibrin Membrane over Scaffold of Collagen Sheet, its Advantages over Compression Method: A Novel and Simple Technique.

Introduction: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is compressed by using various tools to make platelet-rich fibrin membrane (PRFM). Preservation of platelets and plasma content of PRFM depends on the compression method used. To overcome limitations of compression method, we prepared PRFM over scaffold of collagen sheet without using any compression device.

Evaluation of the impacts of a district-level mental health care plan on contact coverage, detection and individual outcomes in rural Uganda: a mixed methods approach.

Background: The burden of mental disorders in low- and middle-income countries is large. Yet there is a major treatment gap for these disorders which can be reduced by integrating the care of mental disorders in primary care.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the impact of a district mental health care plan (MHCP) on contact coverage for and detection of mental disorders, as well as impact on mental health symptom severity and individual functioning in rural Uganda.

A bespoke smoking cessation service compared with treatment as usual for people with severe mental ill health: the SCIMITAR+ RCT.

Background: There is a high prevalence of smoking among people with severe mental ill health (SMI). Helping people with SMI to quit smoking could improve their health and longevity, and reduce health inequalities. However, those with SMI are less likely to access and engage with routine smoking cessation services than the general population.

Diagnostic utility of triple antibody (AMACR, HMWCK and P63) stain in prostate neoplasm.

Aims And Objective: In recent period, basal cell markers high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMWCK), P63 and prostate biomarker AMACR have been used as adjuvant to morphology in diagnostically challenging cases with a very high sensitivity and specificity.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, total of 80 cases including 40 cases of malignant lesions and 40 cases of benign lesions of the prostate were taken. Tumor grade was determined according to Gleason's grading system.

Asparaginase immune complexes induce Fc-γRIII-dependent hypersensitivity in naive mice.

Asparaginase (ASNase) is an important drug for the treatment of leukemias. However, hypersensitivity to ASNase can increase the risk of leukemia relapse. Two mechanisms of ASNase hypersensitivity have been identified in mice.

Hummingbird Study: a study protocol for a multicentre exploratory trial to assess the acceptance and performance of a digital medicine system in adults with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or first-episode psychosis.

Introduction: In patients with schizophrenia, medication adherence is important for relapse prevention, and effective adherence monitoring is essential for treatment planning. A digital medicine system (DMS) has been developed to objectively monitor patient adherence and support clinical decision making regarding treatment choices. This study assesses the acceptance and performance of the DMS in adults with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or first-episode psychosis and in healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Community, facility and individual level impact of integrating mental health screening and treatment into the primary healthcare system in Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Introduction: Programme for Improving Mental Health Care (PRIME) designed a comprehensive mental healthcare plan (MHCP) for Sehore district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The objective of this paper is to describe the findings of the district-level impact evaluation of the MHCP.

Methods: Repeat community-based CS were conducted to measure change in population-level contact coverage for depression and alcohol use disorders (AUD), repeat FDS were conducted to assess change in detection and initiation of treatment for depression and AUD, and the effect of treatment on patient outcomes was assessed using disorder-specific prospective cohort studies.

Prescription and Usage Pattern of Topical Corticosteroids among Out-patient Attendees with Dermatophyte Infections and Its Analysis: A Cross-sectional, Survey-based Study.

Background: There is scarce scientific data on topical corticosteroids (TCS) prescription by non-dermatologists including registered medical practitioners, ayurvedic, homeopathic practitioners, and over-the-counter (OTC) use of TCS-containing creams.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyze the prescription and usage pattern of topical steroids among out-patient attendees with dermatophyte infection. To study health-seeking behavior of patients with dermatophyte infections.