Tunnel wash water in a cold climate: characteristics, ecotoxicological risk, and effect of sedimentation.

The characterization of tunnel wash water (TWW) from 12 Norwegian tunnels showed very high concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), and manganese (Mn) were mainly particle-associated. They are efficiently removed by sedimentation, while the dissolved concentrations of toxic metals like Cu, Zn, and As did not change.

Study of traffic-related pollution and its treatment with a particular focus on microplastics in tunnel wash and road runoff water.

Treatment of tunnel wash runoff water and road runoff water before it reaches the environment is recommended to limit the negative consequences of traffic-related pollution. The efficiency of existing water treatment systems to remove traffic-related microplastic (MP) has not been sufficiently documented. Expanding the knowledge about traffic-related MP and documenting the treatment efficiency of MP in road tunnel wash water (TWW) and road runoff (RRW) treatment systems were the objectives of the presented project.

Alternative methods for calculating percentage haemolysis of red cell concentrates in peripheral blood banks in Sri Lanka.

Background: Haemolysis - one of the major limiting factors of red cell concentrate quality - must be measured as a quality-monitoring requirement. According to international quality standards, percentage haemolysis must be monitored in 1.0% of red cell concentrates produced monthly and maintained under 0.

Innovative, compact and energy-efficient biofilm process for nutrient removal from wastewater.

Rapid population growth, industrial development and stringent demand for treatment of wastewater require developing and emerging economies to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or planning new WWTPs. In the context of unavailability or unaffordability of land and resources for infrastructure expansion, low cost, small footprint, less energy consumption and product reuse are some of the major factors to be considered when either upgrading or designing new WWTPs in developing and emerging economies. Although the transition from activated sludge to biofilm processes has partly solved these challenges, there are innovations that can make the processes even more compact and more efficient.

Evaluation of moving bed sand filter for denitrification, suspended solids removal and very low effluent total phosphorus concentrations.

Continuously flushing moving bed sand filter was operated in pilot scale for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen removal with simultaneous particle removal. The wastewater tested was either final effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with nitrogen removal in moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) followed by coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) for P and suspended solids (SS) removal, or different mixtures of this final effluent and effluent from the MBBR-stage. The study focused on the applicability to achieve low total phosphorus (TP) concentrations (below 0.

Novel biofilm reactor for denitrification of municipal wastewater.

A pilot-scale CFIC (continuous flow intermittent cleaning) reactor was run in anoxic conditions to study denitrification of wastewater. The CFIC process has already proven its capabilities for biological oxygen demand removal with a small footprint, less energy consumption and low cost. The present study focused on the applicability for denitrification.

Rotating belt sieves for primary treatment, chemically enhanced primary treatment and secondary solids separation.

Fine mesh rotating belt sieves (RBS) offer a very compact solution for removal of particles from wastewater. This paper shows examples from pilot-scale testing of primary treatment, chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) and secondary solids separation of biofilm solids from moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). Primary treatment using a 350 microns belt showed more than 40% removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and 30% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) at sieve rates as high as 160 m³/m²-h.