A retrospective observational study of early experiences of vedolizumab treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in the UK: The REVIVE study.

Results from clinical trials show that vedolizumab is an efficacious treatment for inflammatory bowel disease, namely Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). However, there is limited evidence from real-world clinical practice, especially on early clinical experiences in the UK.To describe real-world early experiences of vedolizumab to treat CD and UC in the UK.

How Copper Nanowires Grow and How To Control Their Properties.

Scalable, solution-phase nanostructure synthesis has the promise to produce a wide variety of nanomaterials with novel properties at a cost that is low enough for these materials to be used to solve problems. For example, solution-synthesized metal nanowires are now being used to make low cost, flexible transparent electrodes in touch screens, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), and solar cells. There has been a tremendous increase in the number of solution-phase syntheses that enable control over the assembly of atoms into nanowires in the last 15 years, but proposed mechanisms for nanowire formation are usually qualitative, and for many syntheses there is little consensus as to how nanowires form.

Effects of length dispersity and film fabrication on the sheet resistance of copper nanowire transparent conductors.

Development of thin-film transparent conductors (TC) based on percolating networks of metal nanowires has leaped forward in recent years, owing to the improvement of nanowire synthetic methods and modeling efforts by several research groups. While silver nanowires are the first commercially viable iteration of this technology, systems based on copper nanowires are not far behind. Here we present an analysis of TCs composed of copper nanowire networks on sheets of polyethylene terephthalate that have been treated with various oxide-removing post treatments to improve conductivity.

Metal nanowire networks: the next generation of transparent conductors.

There is an ongoing drive to replace the most common transparent conductor, indium tin oxide (ITO), with a material that gives comparable performance, but can be coated from solution at speeds orders of magnitude faster than the sputtering processes used to deposit ITO. Metal nanowires are currently the only alternative to ITO that meets these requirements. This Progress Report summarizes recent advances toward understanding the relationship between the structure of metal nanowires, the electrical and optical properties of metal nanowires, and the properties of a network of metal nanowires.

Solution-processed copper-nickel nanowire anodes for organic solar cells.

This work describes a process to make anodes for organic solar cells from copper-nickel nanowires with solution-phase processing. Copper nanowire films were coated from solution onto glass and made conductive by dipping them in acetic acid. Acetic acid removes the passivating oxide from the surface of copper nanowires, thereby reducing the contact resistance between nanowires to nearly the same extent as hydrogen annealing.

The role of cuprous oxide seeds in the one-pot and seeded syntheses of copper nanowires.

This paper demonstrates that Cu2O nanoparticles form in the early stages of a solution-phase synthesis of copper nanowires, and aggregate to form the seeds from which copper nanowires grow. Removal of ethylenediamine from the synthesis leads to the rapid formation of Cu2O octahedra. These octahedra are introduced as seeds in the same copper nanowire synthesis to improve the yield of copper nanowires from 12% to >55%, and to enable independent control over the length of the nanowires.

A rapid synthesis of high aspect ratio copper nanowires for high-performance transparent conducting films.

This communication presents a way to produce copper nanowires with aspect ratios as high as 5700 in 30 min, and describes the growth processes responsible for their formation. These nanowires were used to make transparent conducting films with a transmittance >95% at a sheet resistance <100 Ω sq(-1).

Optically transparent water oxidation catalysts based on copper nanowires.

Let the light shine through: A transparent film of copper nanowires was transformed into an electrocatalyst for water oxidation by electrodepostion of Ni or Co onto the surface of the nanowires. These core-shell nanowire networks exhibit electrocatalytic performance equivalent to metal oxide films of similar composition, but are several times more transparent.

Integrating simulations and experiments to predict sheet resistance and optical transmittance in nanowire films for transparent conductors.

Metal nanowire films are among the most promising alternatives for next-generation flexible, solution-processed transparent conductors. Breakthroughs in nanowire synthesis and processing have reported low sheet resistance (Rs ≤ 100 Ω/sq) and high optical transparency (%T > 90%). Comparing the merits of the various nanowires and fabrication methods is inexact, because Rs and %T depend on a variety of independent parameters including nanowire length, nanowire diameter, areal density of the nanowires and contact resistance between nanowires.

Reversible sliding in networks of nanowires.

This work demonstrates that metal nanowires in a percolating network can reversibly slide across one another. Reversible sliding allows networks of metal nanowires to maintain electrical contact while being stretched to strains greater than the fracture strain for individual nanowires. This phenomenon was demonstrated by using networks of nanowires as compliant electrodes for a dielectric elastomer actuator.

Synthesis of oxidation-resistant cupronickel nanowires for transparent conducting nanowire networks.

Nanowires of copper can be coated from liquids to create flexible, transparent conducting films that can potentially replace the dominant transparent conductor, indium tin oxide, in displays, solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, and electrochromic windows. One issue with these nanowire films is that copper is prone to oxidation. It was hypothesized that the resistance to oxidation could be improved by coating copper nanowires with nickel.

The effect of nanowire length and diameter on the properties of transparent, conducting nanowire films.

This article describes how the dimensions of nanowires affect the transmittance and sheet resistance of a random nanowire network. Silver nanowires with independently controlled lengths and diameters were synthesized with a gram-scale polyol synthesis by controlling the reaction temperature and time. Characterization of films composed of nanowires of different lengths but the same diameter enabled the quantification of the effect of length on the conductance and transmittance of silver nanowire films.

Synthesis and catalytic properties of Au-Pd nanoflowers.

Reduction of Pd ions by hydroquinone in the presence of gold nanoparticles and polyvinylpyrrolidone resulted in the formation of nanoflowers with a Au core and Pd petals. Addition of HCl to the synthesis halted the reduction by hydroquinone and enabled the acquisition of snapshots of the nanoflowers at different stages of growth. TEM images of the reaction after 10 s show that the nanoflower morphology resulted from the homogeneous nucleation of Pd clusters in solution and their subsequent attachment to gold seeds coated with a thin (0.

Structure, composition and properties of naturally occurring non-calcified crustacean cuticle.

Crustaceans are known for their hard, calcified exoskeleton; however some regions appear different in colour and opacity. These include leg and cheliped tips in the grapsid crab, Metopograpsus frontalis. The chelipeds and leg tips contain only trace levels of calcium but a significant mass of the halogens, chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br).

Late effects of treatment for early-stage Hodgkin's disease.

A comprehensive survey of late effects (physical, social and reproductive) following treatment at a single institution for early stage Hodgkin's disease (HD) was performed. A total of 611 patients with stage I and II HD treated between 1973 and 1984 were reviewed; 460 were alive and were mailed a self-reported questionnaire. A total of 363 (79%) replies were received.

Late relapse after treatment for clinical stage I and II Hodgkin's disease.

Background: Despite the excellent outcome for patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease, late relapses do occur. The recognition of the pattern and incidence of late relapse and subsequent outcome is more important to ensure the provision of optimal care of patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease.

Methods: A review of 731 patients with clinical stage (CS) I and II Hodgkin's disease treated at Princess Margaret Hospital over a 19-year period was undertaken to examine the characteristics of patients who relapsed more than 4 years after the commencement of initial therapy (late relapse).

Physiological effect of endobronchial radiotherapy in patients with major airway occlusion by carcinoma.

Background: Endobronchial radiotherapy by a high dose rate remote after-loading technique (high dose rate brachytherapy) has become an established treatment for major airway occlusion by inoperable carcinoma of the bronchus. Only limited objective data on its effect on pulmonary physiology and on radiographic and bronchoscopic appearances are available. The aim of this study was to make a detailed assessment of patients before and after high dose rate brachytherapy to determine which investigations were useful and to generate data for comparing this with other methods of treatment.

Testicular seminoma metastasizing to palatine tonsil.

Patients presenting with Stage I seminoma of the testis have an excellent prognosis after treatment by orchidectomy and prophylactic radiotherapy to the paraaortic and pelvic lymph nodes. Only 2% subsequently recur but relapse in these cases has been reported in unusual sites such as the prostate and mesentery. We report a case of Stage I seminoma relapsing in another rare site for secondary malignant deposits, the palatine tonsil.

Assessment of palliative chemotherapy: a step beyond response.

In summary, tumour response is a useful index of cytotoxic activity, but is of limited value in the assessment of benefit to the patient following treatment with cytotoxic drugs. Survival is a similarly inappropriate endpoint to assess the clinical benefits of palliative cytotoxic therapy. The widespread introduction of QL assessment as a primary outcome measure in cancer therapy will enhance our understanding of the value of a wide range of established cancer treatments, not only that of palliative chemotherapy, but also surgery and radiotherapy.

Early detection of relapse after treatment for metastatic germ cell tumour of the testis: an exercise in medical audit.

The relapse patterns of 29 patients who recurred following treatment for metastatic germ cell tumours of the testis (seminoma n = 7, non-seminomatous germ cell tumour n = 22) have been analysed and the relative effectiveness of clinical follow-up and routine investigations in detecting relapse at an early stage have been examined. The analysis shows that routine estimation of the serum tumour markers human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-foetoprotein (HCG and AFP) is the single most important follow-up procedure. This is so, even in patients who were previously marker negative; it was the first indicator of relapse in 55% of the patients.

Localised lymphoma of bone: prognostic factors and treatment recommendations. The Princess Margaret Hospital Lymphoma Group.

Twenty seven adult patients with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma localised to either bone (Stage IE) or bone and regional lymph nodes (Stage IIE) were treated between 1967 and 1988. Median age was 53 years and the commonest histology (21 patients) was diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Twenty-four patients were treated radically: 15 with radiation therapy (XRT) alone and nine with chemotherapy plus radiation therapy (CMT).

Enhanced normal tissue response to radiation in a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus.

We report the case of a patient with discoid lupus erythematosus who developed a severe skin reaction whilst undergoing mantle irradiation for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Widespread moist desquamation occurred after a skin dose of only 17 Gy and was associated with an abscopal response outside the treatment area. The case illustrates the need for extreme caution when administering radiotherapy to patients with discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus.

Localized extradural lymphoma: survival, relapse pattern and functional outcome. The Princess Margaret Hospital Lymphoma Group.

Between 1967 and 1988, 22 patients were treated at The Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) for localized (stage IE) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) presenting with spinal extradural compression. The median age of the patients was 55 years (range 18-76). Back pain (20 patients) and leg weakness (18 patients) were the commonest complaints at presentation.